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প্ললী mvwnZ¨ 

                gyn¤§` knx`yj −vn& 

[†jLK cwiwPwZ :  gyn¤§` knx`yj −

vn& 10B RyjvB 1885 wLªóv‡ã cwðg e‡½i PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi ewminvU 

gnKzgvi †cqviv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb 1910 mv‡j KjKvZv wmwU K‡jR †_‡K ms¯‹…‡Z we.G. Abvm© cvm 

K‡ib| 1912 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wZwb  Zzjbvg~jK fvlvZ‡Ë¡ Gg.G. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| gyn¤§` 

knx`yj−

vn& c¨vwi‡mi †mvieb wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K fvlvZ‡Ë¡ wW‡c −

vgv Ges wW. wjU. jv‡fi †MŠie AR©b K‡ib| 

wZwb my`xN© wÎk ermiKvj evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ K‡jR I  wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i Aa¨vcK Ges 

Aa¨¶iƒ‡c wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvai gyn¤§` knx`yj− vn& wQ‡jb mycwÊZ I fvlvwe`| wZwb wQ‡jb 

gy³eyw×i AwaKvix| cÖvPxb fvlv I mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K©  `yiƒn I RwUj mgm¨vi hyw³c~Y© e¨vL¨v I we‡k −

l‡Y wZwb 

Amvgvb¨ cvwʇZ¨i cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| evsjv fvlvi BwZe „Ë, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i K_v (`yB LÊ) Ges evsjv fvlvi 

e¨vKiY Zuvi D‡j− L‡hvM¨ MÖš’| Zuvi Ab¨Zg KvjRqx m¤úv`bv MÖš’ Ôevsjv‡`‡ki AvÂwjK fvlvi AwfavbÕ| 

wZwb AvjvI‡ji ÔcÙveZxÕ, we`¨vcwZ kZKÕmn AviI A‡bK MÖš’ m¤úv`bv K‡ib| wkï cwÎKv ÔAvOyiÕ ZuviB

m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ nq| G Qvov cvV¨cy¯—K Abyev`  Ges bvbv †gŠwjK iPbvq wZwb Zuvi `¶Zvi cwiPq 

†i‡L‡Qb| 13B RyjvB 1969 mv‡j XvKvq gyn¤§` knx`yj−vni Rxebvemvb N‡U|] 

cwj−

MÖv‡g kn‡ii g‡Zv MvqK, ev`K, bZ©K bv _vK‡ jI Zvi Afve †bB| Pviw`‡K †KvwKj, †`v‡qj, 

cvwcqv cÖf…wZ cvwLi KjMvb, b`xi KzjKzj aŸwb , cvZvi gg©i kã, k¨vgj k‡m¨i fw½gq wnjv`yjv 

cÖPzi cwigv‡Y kn‡ii Afve GLv‡b c~Y© K‡i w`‡”Q| cwj −

i Nv‡U gv‡V, cwj −

i Av‡jvevZv‡m, cwj −

i 

cÖ‡Z¨K ci‡Z ci‡Z mvwnZ¨ Qwo‡q Av‡Q| wKš‘ ev Zv‡mi g‡a¨ evm K‡i †hgb Avgiv fz‡j hvB evqy-

mvM‡i Avgiv Wz‡e AvwQ, †Zgwb cvovMuv‡q †_‡K  Avgv‡`i g‡bB nq bv †h KZ eo mvwnZ¨ I 

mvwn‡Z¨i DcKiY Qwo‡q Av‡Q|

kÖ‡×q W±i `x‡bkP›`ª †mb Ôˆggbwmsn MxwZKvÕ msMÖ n K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb, mvwn‡Z¨i Kx GK Ag~j¨ Lwb 

cwj−Rbbxi ey‡Ki †Kv‡Y jywK‡q Av‡Q| my`~i cwð‡gi mvwnZ¨iwmK †iuvgv †ivujv ch©š— gqgbwms‡ni 

gw`bv wewei †mŠ›`‡h© gy» n‡q‡Qb| gbmyi eqvwZi g‡Zv AviI KZ cwj− Kwe kû‡i P¶yi A‡MvP‡i 

cwj−

‡Z AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i Av‡Qb, †K Zuv‡`i mvwn‡Z ¨i gRwj‡m G‡m RM‡Zi m‡½ †Pbv‡kvbv Kwi‡q 

†`‡e? AvR hw` evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K cwj−

 †_‡K GBme ARvbv A‡Pbv Kwe‡`i Mv_v msMÖn K‡i cÖKvk 

Kiv nZ, Zvn‡j †`Lv †hZ evsjvi gymjgvbI mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡` KZ abx| wKš‘ nvq! G Kv‡Ri Rb¨

†¯^”Qv‡meK `j KB?

Avgiv cwj− MÖv‡g ey‡oveywoi gy‡L †Kv‡bv wSj −xgyLi mܨvKv‡j †hme K_v ïb‡Z kyb‡Z †Q‡j‡ejvq 

Nywg‡q c‡owQ, †m¸wj bv KZ g‡bvni! KZ PgKcÖ`! Avie¨ Dcb¨v‡mi AvjvDwχbi Avðh© cÖ`xc,

Avwjevev I Pwj− k `my¨ cÖf…wZi †P‡q cwj −i DcK_v¸‡jvi g~j¨ Kg bq | AvaywbK wk¶vi Kg©bvkv 

†¯ªv‡Z †m¸‡jv we¯§„wZi AZj M‡f© Zwj‡q hv‡”Q|  GLbKvi wkw¶Z Rbbx mš—vb‡K Avi ivLv‡ji wcVv 

Mv‡Qi K_v, iv¶mcyixi Nygš— ivRKb¨vi K_v ev cw•LivR †Nvovi K_v ïbvb bv, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q e‡jb

Avie¨ Dcb¨v‡mi Mí wKsev  Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare -Gi M‡íi Abyev`| d‡j †Kv‡bv 

my`~i AZx‡Zi mv¶x¯^iƒc GB iƒcK_v bó n‡q AZ x‡Zi m‡½ Avgv‡`i m¤^Ü  †jvc K‡i w`‡”Q| hw` 

AvR evsjvi mg¯— iƒcK_v msM„nxZ n‡Zv, Z‡e †Kv‡bv  cÖZœZvwË¡K M‡elYv K‡i †`wL‡q w`‡Z cvi‡Zb

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨    51 

 

†h, evsjvi wbf…Z †Kv‡Yi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wcZvgnx gvZvgnxi Mí fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨ cÖv‡š—

wKsev fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki evB‡i wmsnj, mygvÎv, hv fv, K‡¤^vwWqv cÖf…wZ ¯’v‡b Ggwbfv‡e cÖPwjZ 

Av‡Q| nq‡Zv Gwkqvi evB‡i BD‡ivcL‡Ê wj‡_vwbqv wKsev I‡qj‡mi †Kv‡bv cwj−igbx GLbI ûeû ev 

wKQz iƒcvš—wiZfv‡e †mB DcK_v¸‡jv Zvi †Q‡jcy‡j  ev bvwZ-†cvZv‡K †kvbv‡”Q| †K Av‡Q GB 

DcK_v¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i Zv‡`i Aek¨ ¤¢vex aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Ki ‡e? BD‡ivc, Av‡gwiKv †`‡k 

eo eo weØvb‡`i mfv Av‡Q, hv‡K ejv nq  Folklore Society| Zv‡`i KvR n‡”Q GBme msMÖn Kiv 

Ges Ab¨ mfv †`‡ki DcK_vi m‡½ mv`„k¨ wb‡q wePvi Kiv| G¸‡jv b„Z‡Ë¡i g~j¨evb DcKiY e‡j

cwÊZ mgv‡R M„nxZ nq| kÖxhy³ `w¶YviÄb wgÎ gRyg`v‡ii ÔVvKzigvi SzwjÕ ev  ÔVvKzi`vi _‡jÕ h‡_ó 

bq| evsjv‡`‡ki mg¯— DcK_v GK RvqMvq Ro Ki‡j  wek¦‡Kv‡li g‡Zv K‡qK evjv‡g Zvi msKzjvb 

n‡Zv bv|

Avgiv  Shakespeare-G c‡owQ iv¶m‡`i euvav eywj n‡”Q  Fi, Fie, foh, fun!  I smell the 

blood of a British man- Gi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i cwj−i ÔnuvD, guvD, LuvD, gvby‡li MÜ cuvD! G mv`„k¨ 

n‡jv †Kv_v †_‡K? Z‡e wK GKw`b H mv`v Bs‡iR I  GB Kv‡jv evOvwji c~e© cyi“lMY fvB fvB iƒ‡c 

GKB Zvueyi wb‡P evm KiZ? †m AvR KZ w`‡bi K_v †K Rv‡b? Avgiv K_vq K_vq cÖev` evK¨ Ry‡o

w`B- †hgb Ô`uvZ _vK‡Z `uv‡Zi gh ©v`v †bBÕ, Ôawi gvQ bv QzuB cv wbÕ, Avcwb euvP‡j ev‡ci bvgÕ, GB 

iKg AviI KZ Kx! Zvici Wv‡Ki K_v Av‡Q, Lbvi ePb Av‡Q|

†hgb ai“b-   Kjv i“‡q bv †K‡Uv cvZ,

  Zv‡ZB Kvco Zv‡ZB fvZ|

cÖev` ev‡K¨ Ges WvK I Lbvi eP‡b KZ hy‡Mi f~ ‡qv`k©‡bi cwicK¡ dj mwÂZ n‡q Av‡Q, †K Zv 

A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡i? ïay ZvB bq, RvwZi cyi‡bv  BwZnv‡mi A‡bK †Mvcb K_vI Gi g‡a¨ Luy‡R 

cvIqv hvq|

Avgiv AvRI ewjÑ Ôwcu‡oq e‡m †cu‡ovi Lei|Õ GB cÖev` evK¨wU †mB mg‡qi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q,

hLb cvÊzqv e‡½i ivRavbx wQj| †K GB cÖev` ev K¨, WvK, Lbvi ePb¸wj msMÖn K‡i Zv‡`i wPiKvj 

Rxeš— K‡i ivL‡e?

Zvici ai“b, Qovi K_v| K_vq K_vq †Q‡j‡g‡q¸‡ jv Qov KvU‡Z _v‡K| †iv‡`i mgq e„wó n‡”Q, 

Agwb Zviv mg¯^‡i SsKvi w`‡q I‡V-

   †iv` n‡”Q, cvwb n‡”Q,

   †LuKwkqvjxi we‡q n‡”Q|

Gi m‡½ m‡½ g‡b Ki“b gv‡qi †mB Nygcvovbx Mvb, †mB †LvKv-LywKi Qov| G¸wj mim cÖv‡Yi Rxeš— 

Drm, wKš‘ AvR `yt‡L ˆ`‡b¨ cÖv‡Y myL †bB| Qo vI µ‡g †jv‡K fz‡j hv‡”Q| †K G¸wj‡K eB‡qi 

cvZvq Agi K‡i ivL‡e?

ïay Qov †Kb? †Ljvayjvi bv KZ euvav Mr Av‡Q ev  wQj Avgv‡`i G †`‡k| hLb dz Uej, e¨vUe‡ji bvg KviI 

Rvbv wQj bv, ZLb KcvwU †Ljvi Lye ayg wQj| †m †Ljvi m‡½ KZ bv euvav eywj †Q‡jiv e¨envi KiZ-

  GK nvZ †evj− v evi nvZ wks 

  D‡o hvq †evj− v av wZs wZs| 

we‡`wk †Ljvi cÖPj‡bi m‡½ m‡½ Gme †jvc cvevi Dcµg n‡q‡Q| †K G‡`i euvwP‡q ivL‡e?

52     gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨ 

 

Zvici ai“b, cwj −

Mv‡bi K_v| cwj− mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡`i g‡a¨ GB Mvb¸wj Ag~j iZœ we‡kl| †mB Rvwi 

Mvb, †mB fvwUqvwj Mvb, †mB ivLvwj Mvb,  gvidwZ Mvb- Mv‡bi GK Adziš— fvÛvi cwj −

i Nv‡U, gv‡V 

Pov‡bv i‡q‡Q| Zv‡Z KZ †cÖg, KZ Avb›`, KZ  †mŠ›`h©, KZ ZË¡Ávb IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q| 

kû‡i Mv‡bi cÖfv‡e †m¸‡jv GLb ee©i Pvlvi Mvb e‡j f`ªmgv‡R Avi weKvq bv| wKš‘- 

  gbgvwS †Zvi ˆeVv †b †i

  Avwg Avi evB‡Z cvijvg bv|

GB MvbwUi m‡½ Avcbvi kû‡i Mv‡bi †Kv‡bv Zzjb v n‡Z cv‡i? wKš‘ avivevwnKiƒ‡c †m¸‡jv msMÖ‡ni 

Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †Póv n‡”Q wK?

G ch©š— hv ejjvg †m¸‡jv n‡”Q cwj − i cÖvPxb m¤ú`| mvwn‡Z¨i fv Êv‡i `vb Kievi g‡Zv cwj −i bZzb 

m¤ú‡`iI Afve †bB| AvRKvj evsjvmvwnZ¨ e‡j †h  mvwnZ¨ Pj‡Q, Zvi c‡b‡iv Avbv n‡”Q kû‡i 

mvwnZ¨, mvay fvlvq ej‡Z †M‡j bvMwiK mvwnZ¨|  †m mvwn‡Z¨ Av‡Q ivR-ivRovi K_v, evey-wewei 

K_v, †gvUiMvwoi K_v, weRwj evwZi K_v, wm‡bgv  w_‡qUv‡ii K_v, Pv‡qi evwU‡Z dzu †`evi K_v| 

GBme K_v wb‡q Mí, Dcb¨vm, KweZv,  bvUK ivwk ivwk †jLv n‡”Q| cwj− i M„n¯’ K…lK‡`i, †R‡j-

gvwS, gy‡U-gRy‡ii †Kv‡bv K_v Zv‡Z VuvB bvB|  Zv‡`i myL-`ytL, Zv‡`i cvc-cyY¨, Zv‡`i Avkv-

AvKv•¶vi K_vq KRb gv_v Nvgv‡”Q? Avgv‡`i we k¦e‡iY¨ Kwem¤ªvUI GKevi ÔGevi wdivI †gv‡iÕ 

e‡j Avevi cyiv‡bv c‡_ bvMwiK mvwnZ¨ wb‡qB e¨ ¯— wQ‡jb| avbMv‡Q Z³v nq wKbv, GLb kû‡i 

†jv‡Kiv GUv Rvb‡jI cvovMuv‡qi Rxeb Zv‡`i Kv ‡Q GK ARvbv ivR¨| †mUv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q G‡Kev‡i 

cPv RNb¨, Avi Kv‡iv Kv‡Q G‡Kev‡i Puv‡`i †R¨vrmœv w`‡q †Niv| Zuviv cwj −

i gg©K_v Kx K‡i 

Rvb‡eb? Kx K‡iB ev Zvi gyL”QweLvwb AvuK‡e b? Avgv‡`i AvR `iKvi n‡q‡Q kû‡i mvwn‡Z¨i 

evjvLvbvi cv‡k †Mu‡qv mvwn‡Z¨i †Rvovevsjv Ni  Zzj‡Z| AvR A‡b‡Ki AvZ¥v BU-cv_i I †ivjvi 

K…wÎg euvab †_‡K gy³ n‡q gvwUi N‡i gvwUi gv byl n‡q _vK‡Z Pv‡”Q| Zv‡`i Rb¨ Avgv‡`i wKQz 

MovMuv_vi `iKvi Av‡Q| BD ‡ivc, Av‡gwiKvq AvR GB  Proletariat mvwnZ¨ µ‡g Av`‡ii Avmb 

cv‡”Q, Avgv‡`i †`‡kI cv‡e| wKš‘ †Kv_vq †m cwj− i Kwe, Jcb¨vwmK I mvwnwZ¨K, huviv wbLyuZfv‡e 

GB cwj− i Qwe kn‡ii Pkgv-AuvUv †Pv‡Li mvg‡b ai‡Z cvi‡eb? 

GB mg¯— iƒcK_v, cwj−

Mv_v, Pov cÖf…wZ †`‡ki Av‡jvevZv‡mi  g‡Zv mK‡jiB mvaviY m¤úwË| Zv‡Z 

wn›`y gymjgvb †Kv‡bv †f` †bB| †hiƒc gvZ…¯—‡bv mš—vb gv‡ÎiB AwaKvi, †miƒc GB cwj− mvwn‡Z¨ 

cwj−

Rbbxi wn›`y gymjgvb mKj mš—v‡biB mgvb AwaKvi| 

GK weivU cwj−

mvwnZ¨ evsjvq wQj| Zvi K¼vjwe‡kl GLbI wKQz Av‡Q, mg‡qi I i“wPi cwieZ©‡b †m 

Abv`„Z n‡q aŸs‡mi c‡_ `uvwo‡q‡Q| †bnvZ †m‡K‡j cvovMuv‡qi †jvK Qvov †m¸‡jvi Avi †KD Av`i 

K‡i bv| wKš‘ GKw`b wQj hLb bv‡qi `uvwo-gvwS †_‡K M„n‡¯’i eD-wS ch©š—, evjK †_‡K ey‡ov ch©š—, 

Avwgi †_‡K Mwie ch©š— mKj‡KB G¸‡jv Avb›` Dc‡`k wejv‡Zv| hw` cwj−mvwn‡Z¨i w`‡K

cwj−Rbbxi mš—v‡biv g‡bv‡hvM †`q, Z‡eB Avgvi g‡b nq Giƒc cwj −

mvwnZ¨ mfvi Av‡qvRb mv_©K 

n‡e, b‡Pr G mKj †Kewj fzqv, †Kewj dw°Kvi| T  

kãv_© I UxKv :  KjMvb- kÖ“wZgayi aŸwb| ci‡Z ci‡Z- ¯—‡i ¯—‡i|  W±i `x‡bkP›`ª †mb-  evsjv 

fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i M‡elK I mvaK `x‡bkP›`ª †mb gvwbKMÄ †Rjvi eMRyix MÖv‡g 1866 wLªóv‡ã

Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 1334 e½v‡ã wZwbB me©cÖ_g Ôe½fvl v I mvwnZ¨Õ MÖ‡š’ evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKmvwn‡Z¨i

gva¨wgK evsjv mvwnZ¨    53 

 

†MŠie I gh©v`v mvwn‡Z¨i `iev‡i Zz‡j a‡ib| ZuviB my‡hvM¨ m¤úv`bvq P›`ªKzgvi †` KZ…©K msM„nxZ

Ôˆggbwmsn MxwZKvÕ Ges Ôc~e©e½ MxwZKvÕ KjKvZv  wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| `x‡bkP›`ª †m‡bi 

†gŠwjK MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ivgvqYx K_v, e„nre½, †eûjv, dzj −iv, RofiZ BZ¨vw` D‡j −

L‡hvM¨| 1939 

wLªóv‡ã wZwb ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|  †ivguv †ivjuv-  ( Roman Rolland ) divwm †`‡ki KvjRqx 

mvwnwZ¨K I `vk©wbK| †ivguv †ivjuvi Rb¥ 29 †k Rvbyqvwi 1866 wLªóv‡ã| ÔRvu wµ¯—dÕ Zuvi Ag~j¨

KxwZ©| G MÖ‡š’i Rb¨ wZwb 1915 wLªóv‡ã mvwn‡Z¨  †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| 30 †k wW‡m¤^i 1939 

mv‡j Zvui g„Zz¨ nq|  gw`bv wewe- ˆggbwmsn MxwZKvq Aš—fz©³ †jvKMv_v Ô†`Iqvbv-gw`bvÕi bvwqKv| 

gbmyi eqvwZ-  Ô†`Iqvbv-gw`bvÕi †jvKMv_vi cÖL¨vZ Kwe|  AvjvDwχbi Avðh© cÖ`xc-  Avie¨ 

Dcb¨v‡mi me‡P‡q wPËvKl©K Mí ÔAvjvDwχb i Avðh© cÖ`xcÕ| G MíwU i NUbv¯’j Pxb †`k| 

AvjvDwÏb bv‡gi GK mvnmx Zi“Y GK PZzi Rv `yK‡ii we¯§qKi cÖ`xc jvf K‡i| AvjvDwÏb wQj 

Mwie GK `ytwLbx gv‡qi GKgvÎ †Q‡j| G cÖ`x‡c  Nlv w`‡jB GK gnvkw³ai ˆ`Z¨ G‡m nvwRi n‡Zv 

Ges AvjvDwχbi Av‡`k Abyhvqx A‡jŠwKK KvR  KiZ| Gfv‡eB G cÖ`x‡ci e‡`Šj‡Z AvjvDwÏb 

cÖPzi abm¤ú‡`i AwaKvix nq| gv‡qi `ytLI `~i nq| 

Avwjevev I Pwj − k `my¨-  Avie¨ Dcb¨v‡mi Ab¨Zg weL¨vZ Mí | Mwie KvVz‡i Avwjevev fvM¨µ‡g 

cvnv‡oi ¸nvq `my¨`‡ji ¸ß abfvÊv‡ii mÜvb cvq| †mLvb †_‡K cÖPzi abiZœ G‡b †m evwo‡Z iv‡L| 

`my¨`j Avwjevevi Ici cÖwZ‡kva †bIqvi Rb¨ Zv i evwo‡Z AvwZ_¨ MÖnY K‡i| Avwjevev Zvi 

eyw×gZx euvw` gwR©bvi mnvqZvq GB `my¨`j‡K Kvey K‡i| 

Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare- wek¦weL¨vZ Bs‡iwR bvU¨Kvi I Kwe DBwjqvg †k·wcqv‡ii 

bvUK¸‡jv Pvj©m j¨v¤^ mnR fvlvq wK‡kvi‡`i  Dc‡hvMx K‡i iƒcvš—i K‡ib| †mB MÖ‡š’iB D‡j − L 

GLv‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖZœZvwË¡K- cyivZË¡we`| whwb cÖvPxb wjwc, gy`ªv ev fMœve‡kl †_‡K cyivKv‡ji Z_¨ wbY©q K‡ib| 

Folklore Society- †h mwgwZ †jvKwkí I Mvb, Drme-Aby ôvb I †Ljvayjvi Dcv`vb msMÖn K‡i 

Ges cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ bvbv KvR K‡i _v‡K| G mwgwZ †jvKmvwnZ¨ msi¶Y I M‡elYvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ| 

DBwjqvg _gm †dvK‡jvi K_vwUi D™¢veK| 1848 mv‡j me©cÖ_g jʇb GB mwgwZ MwVZ nq| 

b„ZË¡ (Anthropology)- gvby‡li DrcwË I weKvk msµvš— weÁvb| 

`w¶YviÄb wgÎ gRyg`vi- cÖL¨vZ wkï mvwnwZ¨K I evsjv †jvKMv_v I iƒcK_vi iƒcKvi `w¶YviÄb 

wgÎ gRyg`v‡ii Rb¥ 1284 e½v‡ã, g„Zz¨ 1363 m‡b| wZwb evsjvi bvbv AÂj Ny‡i eû cwikÖg K‡i

iƒcK_v msMÖn K‡ib| Zuvi iwPZ ÔVvKzigvi SzwjÕ wkï‡`i wcÖq eB|

cÖev`evK¨- `xN©w`b a‡i †jvKgy‡L cÖPwjZ wek¦vm‡hvM ¨ K_v ev RbkÖ“wZ, †hgb, ÔbvP‡Z bv Rvb‡j 

DVvb euvKvÕ|

Lbv- cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi cÖL¨vZ gwnjv †R¨vwZlx| evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy wbf©i K…wlZË¡ wel‡q Dc‡`kg~jK 

Lbvi Qov¸‡jv Aóg †_‡K Øv`k kZvãx ch©š— mg ‡q iwPZ e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| cwðge‡½i PweŸk 

ciMbv †Rjvi Aš—M©Z evivmZ gnKzgvi †`Dwj MÖv‡g Zuvi wbevm wQj e‡j RbkÖ“wZ Av‡Q|

evjvg- eB‡qi LÊ, Bs‡iwR  Volume| f~‡qv`k©b-  cÖPzi †`Lv I †kvbvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z AwfÁZv|  evjvLvbv-  

cÖvmv`|  Proletariat  mvwnZ¨- AZ¨vPvwiZ kÖgRxex `ytLx gvby‡li mvwnZ¨|  dw°Kvi-  duvwKevwR|