বাংলা ব্যাকরণ bangla grammer (lesson: 1) ভাষা

fvlv

1. fvlv

1.1 fvlv

1.2 gvZ…fvlv I ivóªfvlv

1.3 mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_©K¨

Kg©-Abykxjb

1. fvlv

1.1 fvlv

gvbyl m„wói †miv Rxe| Zvi g‡bi g‡a¨ me mgqB bvbv eyw× ev fv‡ei Avbv‡Mvbv P‡j| †mB eyw× ev

fve Bkvivq, bvbv A½fw½ K‡i, Qwe I bv‡Pi gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ n‡Z cv‡i| wKšÍy gy‡Li aŸwbi mvnv‡h¨

e¨vcK cwim‡i Zv cÖKvk Kiv hvq| †hfv‡eB g‡bi fve cÖKvk †nvK bv †Kb, Gi meB fvlv| Z‡e

Ab¨vb¨ gva¨‡gi Zzjbvq gvby‡li gy‡Li aŸwb A‡bK †ewk A_©c~Y© nq I A‡b¨ eyS‡Z cv‡i| myZivs

mvaviY K_vq ÔfvlvÕ ej‡Z †evSvq, gvby‡li gyL †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmv A_©c~Y© KZK¸‡jv AvIqvR ev aŸwbi

mgwó| GB A_©c~Y© aŸwbB n‡jv fvlvi cÖvY|

fvlvi msÁv w`‡Z wM‡q W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq wj‡L‡Qb: Òg‡bi fve-cÖKv‡ki Rb¨, evM&-h‡š¿i

mvnv‡h¨

D”PvwiZ aŸwb Øviv wb®úbœ, †Kv‡bv we‡kl Rbmgv‡R e¨eüZ, ¯^Zš¿fv‡e Aew¯’Z, Z_v ev‡K¨

cÖhy³, kãmgwó‡K fvlv e‡j|Ó

A_©vr, wbw`©ó Rbmgv‡Ri gvbyl g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ gyL w`‡q A‡b¨i †evaMg¨ A_©c~Y© †h aŸwb ev

aŸwbmgwó D”PviY K‡i Zv‡K fvlv e‡j|

¯’vb, Kvj I mgvR‡f‡` fvlvi i~c‡f` †`Lv hvq|

aŸwbi m„wó nq evMh‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨| gvby‡li Mjbvwj, `uvZ, gyLweei, KÉ, wRnŸv, Zvjy, bvwmKv BZ¨vw`i

mn‡hvM n‡jv evMhš¿|

†h †Kv‡bv aŸwb ev AvIqvRB fvlv bq| †mLv‡b A_© Ges A‡_©i avivevwnKZv _vKv PvB| aŸwbi A_©c~Y©

wgj‡b MwVZ nq kã| Avi GKvwaK k‡ãi mgš^‡q A‡_©i avivevwnKZvq ˆZwi nq evK¨|

cï-cvwLi WvK I gvby‡li fvlvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ GLv‡bB| gvbyl G‡Ki ci GK A_©‡evaK kãRy‡o evK¨

ˆZwi K‡i| ev‡K¨i ci evK¨ mvwR‡q G‡Ki g‡bi fve A‡b¨i Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡i| GBÿgZv cï-cvwLi

g‡a¨ †bB| cï-cvwL bvbv AvIqvR K‡i wVKB, wKšÍy Zv fvlvi aŸwb, kã I ev‡K¨i g‡Zv †Kv‡bv welq

ev aviYv‡K avivevwnKfv‡e ¯úó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †mRb¨ cï-cvwLi WvK fvlv bq|

¯’vb, Kvj I mgvR‡f‡` fvlvi i~c‡f` nq e‡j c„w_exi me †`‡ki me Rb‡Mvôxi gvby‡li fvlv GK

bq| Avevi GKB fvlvi GK nvRvi eQi Av‡Mi i~c Avi AvR‡Ki i~c ûeû †g‡j bv| †hgb, evsjv‡`‡ki

AwaKvsk gvby‡li fvlv evsjv, wKšÍy Bsj¨v‡Ûi gvby‡li fvlv Bs‡iwR, d«v‡Ýi gvby‡li fvlv divwm, Pxb

†`‡ki AwaKvsk gvby‡li fvlv g¨vÛvwib BZ¨vw`| Avevi evsjv‡`‡k evsjvi cvkvcvwk PvKgv Rb‡Mvôx

wbR¯^ Pvsgv fvlvq, Mv‡iv Rb‡Mvôx Zv‡`i AvwPK fvlvq K_v e‡j| cuvP kZ eQi Av‡Mi evsjv fvlv Ges

AvR‡Ki evsjv fvlvI ûeû GK bq| mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y fvlvi~‡ci GB cwieZ©b nq| GB

cwieZ©bkxjZvi Kvi‡Y fvlv‡K cÖengvb b`xi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv nq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ g‡bi fve‡K cÖKv‡ki

Rb¨ wewfbœ gvbemgv‡R wfbœ wfbœ †`‡k bvbv iK‡gi kã e¨envi K‡i| G¸‡jvB G‡KK †`‡k G‡KK

iKg fvlvi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| c„w_exi †Kv‡bv fvlvB w¯’i _v‡K bv| fvlv w¯’i n‡q †M‡j Zv g„Zfvlvq

cwiYZ nq| c„w_ex‡Z mv‡o wZb nvRv‡ii KvQvKvwQ fvlv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|

1.2 gvZ…fvlv I ivóªfvlv

K. gvZ…fvlv :

gvbyl R‡b¥i ci mvaviYZ cÖ_‡g Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q cÖwZcvwjZ nq, ZviB K_v †k‡L| ZvB Rb¥jMœ †_‡K

¯^vfvweKfv‡e gvbyl wb‡Ri gv‡qi Kv‡Q †h-fvlvwU wkÿv cvq, Zv‡KB Zvi ÔgvZ…fvlvÕ e‡j| GwU GKwU

aviYvi cÖKvkgvÎ| ZvB †h wkïi gv Zvi Rb¥-gyn~‡Z©B g„Zz¨eiY K‡i, †mB wkï hLb eo nq, †m wcZv

ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Awffve‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b eo n‡jI Zvi gy‡Li mvaviY fvlv‡K ÔgvZ…fvlvÕB e‡j|

evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvbyl R‡b¥i ci gv‡qi †Kv‡j Ges gv‡qi evsjv †ev‡j eo nq| evOvwj gv‡qi GB

eywj evsjv| ZvB evOvwj RvwZi gvZ…fvlv evsjv| Avevi evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK¶z`ª RvwZ‡Mvôx evm K‡i|

Zv‡`iI c„_K gvZ…fvlv Av‡Q| evsjv‡`k QvovI fvi‡Zi cwðge½, wÎcyiv, Avmvg, wenvi, Dwol¨v,

SvoLÊ ivR¨; gvqvbgv‡ii ivLvBb ivR¨ BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡b evsjv fvlvi cÖPjb i‡q‡Q| Gme A‡j

A‡b‡KiB gvZ…fvlv evsjv| Zv QvovI hy³ivR¨, hy³ivóª, d«vÝ, Rvcvb, A‡÷ªwjqv, KvbvWvmn we‡k¦i eû

†`‡kB evsjvfvlx RbMY i‡q‡Q| †mme ¯’v‡bI evsjv A‡b‡Ki gvZ…fvlv| c„w_exi cÖvq wÎk †KvwU

†jv‡Ki gvZ…fvlv evsjv| gvZ…fvlvi we‡ePbvq mviv we‡k¦ evsjv fvlvi ¯’vb PZz_©|

2 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

L. ivóªfvlv :

ivóªxq Kv‡R e¨env‡ii Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †`‡ki msweavb¯^xK…Z fvlv‡K H †`‡ki ivóªfvlv e‡j| GKwU

iv‡óªi wewfbœ A‡j wfbœ wfbœ Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ wfbœ fvlvi e¨envi _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb : evsjv‡`‡k

evsjv, Pvsgv, AvwPK, gwYcyix fvlv BZ¨vw`; fvi‡Z evsjv, ¸RivwU, wnw›`, cvÄvwe, Kvbvwo fvlv BZ¨vw`;

cvwK¯Ív‡b cvÄvwe, evjyP, wmwÜ fvlv BZ¨vw`| G‡Z iv‡óªi †K›`ªxq cªkvmwbK KvR †Kvb fvlv‡Z

cwiPvwjZ n‡eÑ GB cÖkœ Av‡m| G cÖkœ mgvavbK‡í †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ivóª wbw`©ó GK ev GKvwaK fvlv‡K

ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi cÖ_g fv‡Mi Z…Zxq Aby‡”Q‡` wjwce× Av‡Q :

cÖRvZ‡š¿i ivóªfvlv evsjv|

iv‡óªi me©vwaK gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlv wn‡m‡e mvaviYZ ivóªfvlv ¯^xK…Z n‡q _v‡K| G fvlvq iv‡óªi

Af¨šÍixY ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Kg©KvÊ, †hgb : wk ÿvcÖ`vb, cvV¨MÖš’ cÖYqb, mvwnZ¨iPbv, msev`cÎ cÖKvk,

mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyôvb cwiPvjbv, `wjj-`¯Ív‡eR wjLb, ivóªxq bw_cÎ wjwce×KiY BZ¨vw` m¤úbœ

nq| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv fvlv D`©y wKšÍy `vßwiK fvlv wn‡m‡e D`©yi cv‡k Bs‡iwR‡KI¯^

xK…wZ †`Iqv

n‡q‡Q| fviZ cÖRvZ‡š¿i msweavb¯^xK…Z †Kv‡bv ivóªfvlv ev RvZxq fvlv bv _vK‡jI `vßwiK

KvRK‡g©i fvlv wn‡m‡e wnw›`i cvkvcvwk Bs‡iwR¯^

xK…Z| fvi‡Zi ivR¨¸‡jv‡Z cÖkvmwbK K‡g© AvÂwjK

fvlvmg~n e¨envi nq| cwðge½, wÎcyiv, SvoLÊ ivR¨ Ges Avmvg iv‡R¨i eivK DcZ¨Kvi Ab¨Zg

cÖkvmwbK fvlv evsjv|

1.3 mvay I PwjZ ixwZi cv_©K¨

c„w_exi me DbœZ fvlvi g‡Zv evsjv fvlviI GKvwaK Avjv`v i~c Av‡Q : GKwU ejvi fvlv ev †gŠwLK i~c,

AciwU †jLvi fvlv ev ˆjwLK i~c| fvlvi †gŠwLK i~‡ci Avevi `y‡Uv ixwZ i‡q‡Q, h_v : AvÂwjK ixwZ I

cÖwgZ ixwZ| Aci w`‡K ˆjwLK i~‡ciI `y‡Uv Avjv`v ixwZ Av‡Q, †hgb : PwjZ ixwZ I mvay ixwZ|

evsjv fvlvi G cÖKvi ev ixwZ-†f` wb‡Pi Q‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †`Lvb n‡jv :

evsjv fvlv

†gŠwLK ˆjwLK

AvÂwjK cÖwgZ PwjZ mvay

AvÂwjK fvlvixwZ :evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡ji evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx gy‡L gy‡L †h fvlvixwZ‡Z g‡bvfve e¨³

K‡i †m fvlvixwZB evsjvi ÔAvÂwjK fvlvixwZÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ| A_©vr AÂj‡f‡` evsjv fvlvi cÖPwjZ

K_¨i~c‡KB AvÂwjK fvlvixwZ e‡j|

fvlv 3

†hgbÑ evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖvg A‡ji AvÂwjK fvlvixwZ: ÔJM&‡Mvqv gvBb&‡l¨i `yqv †cvqv AvwQj&|Õ A_©vr

GKRb †jv‡Ki `ywU †Q‡j wQj| AvÂwjK fvlv‡K Dcfvlv e‡j| AvÂwjK fvlvq k‡ãi eûwewPÎ i~c

†`Lv hvq| †hgb: Ô†Q‡jÕ kãwU AÂj‡f‡` †Qvqvj, QvIqvj, Qvevj, †QB‡j, †cvjv, †cvqv, cyiv, e¨vUv,

e¨vWv, cyZ, ûZ BZ¨vw` D”PvwiZ nq|

cÖwgZ fvlvixwZ : wewfbœ fvlvixwZ Kvjµ‡g cwigvwR©Z n‡q mevi MÖnY‡hvM¨ GKwU i~c jvf K‡i| GB

fvlvixwZ mvaviYZ wkwÿZ †jv‡Ki K_vevZ©v I wbZ¨e¨env‡i Av‡iv AvKl©Yxq nq| fvlvI †h kªgmva¨,

cÖhZœjä Ges †kLvi †Kv‡bv welqÑ cÖwgZ fvlvixwZ Zvi cÖgvY| GK K_vq, fvlvi me©RbMÖvn¨ I

mgKv‡ji m‡e©v”P gvwR©Z i~c‡KB cÖwgZ fvlvixwZ e‡j|

†hgb: ÔGKR‡bi `y‡Uv †Q‡j wQj|Õ

mvay fvlvixwZ : †h fvlvixwZ AwaKZi Mv¤¢xh©c~Y©, Zrmg kãeûj, wµqvc‡`i i~c cÖvPxbixwZ Abymvix

Ges AvÂwjKZvgy³ Zv-B mvay fvlvixwZ|

†hgb: ÔGK e¨w³i `yBwU cyÎ wQj|Õ

GB ixwZ GLb ïay wjwLZ M‡`¨ cwi`„ó nq|

PwjZ fvlvixwZ : fvMxi_x b`xi ZxieZ©x¯’vbmg~‡ni †gŠwLK fvlvixwZ gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L i~cvšÍi jvf

K‡i cÖv‡`wkK kãvewj MÖnY Ges PgrKvi evK&fw½i mn‡hv‡M M‡o I‡V| GB fvlvixwZ‡KB PwjZ

fvlvixwZ e‡j| GB ixwZ †gŠwLK I wjwLZ Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB AvKl©Yxq I Av`iYxq|

†hgb: ÔGKRb †jv‡Ki `ywU †Q‡j wQj|Õ

mvay fvlvixwZi ˆewkó¨

K. mvay fvlvi i~c AcwieZ©bxq| AÂj‡f‡` ev Kvjµ‡g Gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|

L. G fvlvixwZ e¨vKi‡Yi mywba©vwiZ wbqg AbymiY K‡i P‡j| Gi c`web¨vm mywbqw š¿ZI

mywbw`©ó|

M. mvay fvlvixwZ‡Z Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi e¨envi †ewk e‡j G fvlvq GK cÖKvi AvwfRvZ¨ I Mv¤¢xh©

Av‡Q|

N. mvay fvlvixwZ ïay †jLvq e¨envi nq| ZvB K_vevZ©v, e³…Zv, fvlY BZ¨vw`i Dc‡hvMx bq|

O. mvay fvlvixwZ‡Z me©bvg I wµqvc‡`i c~Y©i~c e¨eüZ nq|

PwjZ fvlvixwZi ˆewkó¨

K. PwjZ fvlv me©RbMÖvn¨ gvwR©Z I MwZkxj fvlv| ZvB GwU gvby‡li K_vevZ©v I †jLvi fvlv wn‡m‡e

M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| GwU cwiZ©bkxj|

4 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

L. G fvlvixwZ e¨vKi‡Yi cÖvPxb wbqgKvbyb w`‡q me©`v e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv|

M. PwjZ fvlvixwZ‡Z A‡cÿvK…Z mnR-mij k‡ãi e¨envi †ewk e‡j GwU †ek mvejxj, PUzj I RxešÍ|

N. ejvi I †jLvi fvlv e‡jB G fvlv e³…Zv, fvlY, bvU‡Ki msjvc I mvgvwRK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨

AZ¨šÍDc‡hvMx|

O. PwjZ fvlvixwZ‡Z me©bvg I wµqvc‡`i mswÿßi~c e¨eüZ nq|

mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi g‡a¨ bvbvw`K †_‡K †ek wKQz cv_©K¨I i‡q‡Q| G `yB fvlvixwZi ˆewkó¨

†_‡KB Zvi aviYv cvIqv hvq| wb‡P mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi K‡qKwU cv_©K¨ †`Lvb n‡jv :

mvay fvlvixwZ PwjZ fvlvixwZ

1. mvay fvlvixwZ me©RbMÖvn¨ †jLvi fvlv| 1. PwjZ fvlvixwZ me©Rb‡eva¨ gy‡Li I †jLvi fvlv|

2. mvay fvlvixwZ me mgq e¨vKi‡Yi wbqg 2. PwjZ fvlv me mgq e¨vKi‡Yi cÖvPxb wbqg †g‡b

†g‡b P‡j| P‡j bv|

3. mvay fvlvq c`web¨vm ixwZ mywbw`©ó| 3. PwjZ fvlvq c`web¨vmixwZ A‡bK mgq

cwiewZ©Z nq|

4. mvay fvlvq Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi 4. PwjZ fvlvq Zrmg ev ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi

e¨envi †ewk| e¨envi Kg|

5. mvay fvlv e³…Zv I fvl‡Yi 5. PwjZ fvlv e³…Zv, fvlY I bvU‡Ki msjv‡ci

Dc‡hvMx bq| Dc‡hvMx|

6. mvay fvlvq me©bvg, wµqv I Ae¨q 6. PwjZ fvlvq me©bvg, wµqv I Ae¨qc‡`i

c‡`i c~Y©i~c e¨eüZ nq| mswÿßi~c e¨eüZ nq|

7 .mvay fvlv ¸iyM¤¢xi, `y‡e©va¨ I gš’i| 7. PwjZ fvlv PUzj, mij I mvejxj|

8. mvay fvlvixwZ AcwieZ©bxq, ZvB K…wÎg| 8. PwjZ fvlvixwZ cwieZ©bkxj, ZvB RxešÍ|

wb‡Pi K‡qKwU †ÿ‡Î mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| h_v :

1. we‡kl¨c‡`i i~‡c

2. me©bvgc‡`i i~‡c

3. wµqvc‡`i i~‡c

4. Ae¨qc‡`i i~‡c

fvlv 5

1. we‡kl¨c‡`i i~‡ci cv_©K¨

mvay PwjZ

AwMœ Av¸b

KY© Kvb

P›`ª Puv`

`šÍ `uvZ

cÿx cvwL

e¨vNª evN

grm¨ gvQ

n¯Íx nvwZ

2. me©bvgc‡`i i~‡ci cv_©K¨

mvay PwjZ

GB G

Bnv G

Bnv‡K G‡K

Bnv‡`i G‡`i

Dnv I

Dnvw`‡Mi I‡`i

Kvnv‡K Kv‡K

†Kn †KD

Zvnv Zv

Zvnvi Zvi

hvnv hv

hvnv‡`i hv‡`i

6 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

3. wµqvc‡`i i~‡ci cv_©K¨

mvay PwjZ

Avwmqv G‡m

Kwiqv K‡i

Kwiqv‡Q K‡i‡Q

LvB‡ZwQj Lvw”Qj

wMqvwQj †MwQj

NygvB‡Z‡Q Nygv‡”Q

Pwjj Pjj

Pvwnqv †P‡q

R¡vjvBqv †R¡‡j

WvwK‡Z‡Q WvK‡Q

wb`ªv hvIqv Nygv‡bv

cwoe coe

cvi nBqv †cwi‡q

dzwUqv DwVqv‡Q dz‡U D‡V‡Q

ewjqvwQ‡jb e‡jwQ‡jb

ewjqv e‡j

ewj‡Z _vwK‡e ej‡Z _vK‡e

fvwOqv hvB‡Z jvwMj †f‡O †h‡Z jvMj

jç cÖ`vb Kwij jvd w`j

ïwbj ïbj

ïwbqvwQj ï‡bwQj

kqb Kwi‡jb ï‡jb

kªeY Kwijvg ïbjvg

fvlv 7

4. Ae¨qc‡`i i~‡ci cv_©K¨

mvay PwjZ

A`¨ AvR

A`¨vwc AvRI

K`vP KL‡bv

Z_vwc ZeyI

b‡Pr bB‡j

bZzev bB‡j

cÖvqk cÖvqB

h`¨vwc hw`I

mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi D`vniY

mvay fvlvixwZ

ÒDcb¨v‡mi Abyi~c †Kv‡bv e¯‘ Avgv‡`i cªvPxb mvwn‡Z¨ LuywRqv cvIqv hvq bv| ïay Avgv‡`i †`k ewjqv

b‡n, c„w_exi †Kv‡bv †`‡kiB cyivZb mvwn‡Z¨ Dcb¨v‡mi `k©b wg‡j bv| Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb we‡klZ¡B GB

†h, Bnv m¤ú~Y© AvaywbK mvgMÖx|Ó

PwjZ fvlvixwZ

ÒG‡K G‡K Mvwo¸‡jv †Q‡o w`‡j, Avgvi MvwoUvI Pj‡Z ïiy Ki‡j| †÷kb `~‡i bq, †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q

bvg‡Z wM‡q †`wL AwZw_ `uvwo‡q| wK‡i, GLv‡bI G‡mwQm? †m †jR †b‡o Zvi Reve w`‡j, ÑKx Rvwb

gv‡b Zvi Kx!Ó

Kg©-Abykxjb

1. gvbyl fvlvi mvnv‡h¨ g‡bi Kx Kx fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi GKUv ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

2. GKRb fvlvwe‡`i bvg D‡jøL K‡i fvlv m¤ú‡K© wZwb †h msÁv w`‡q‡Qb Zv †jL|

3. ÔAvgvi Kvh© Avwg KwiqvwQ| GÿY Zvnvw`‡Mi B”Qv nB‡j Avgv‡K cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Kwi‡e|Õ

ÑGB iKg K‡i mvay fvlvq `kwU evK¨ ˆZwi Ki| Zvici †m¸‡jv‡K PwjZ fvlvq

i~cvšÍi K‡i †`LvI|

4. †Zvgvi cwVZ GKwU Mí †_‡K wewfbœ c‡`i GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| Zvici †m¸‡jvi

mvayi~‡ci mvnv‡h¨ `kwU evK¨ iPbv Ki|

8 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ