বাংলা ব্যাকরণ bangla grammer (lesson: 4) শব্দওপদ ~ BANGLADESH

kãIc`

4. kã I c`

4.1 wj½všÍ‡ii wbqg I D`vniY

4.2 eûePb MV‡bi wbqg I D`vniY

3.3 we‡k‡l¨i †kªwYwefvM : msÁvevPK, †kªwYevPK, mgwóevPK, fveevPK I

wµqvevPK

4.4 wb‡`©kK me©bv‡gi i~c (PwjZ ixwZ) : ÔGÕ, ÔIÕ

4.5 avZz I wµqvc`

4.6 †gŠwjK I mvwaZ avZz

4.7 mKg©K I AKg©K wµqv

4.8 wµqvi Kvj : eZ©gvb, AZxZ, fwel¨r I AbyÁv

Kg©-Abykxjb

4. kã I c`

A_© n‡jv k‡ãi cÖvY| GK ev GKvwaK aŸwbi

mw¤§j‡b hw` †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó A_© cÖKvk cvq Z‡e Zv‡Kkã

e‡j| †hgb : K, j, g Ñ GB wZbwU aŸwb GKmv‡_ Ry‡o w`‡j nq : Kjg (K+j+g)| ÔKjgÕ †jLvi

GKwU DcKiY‡K †evSvq| myZivs GwU GKwU kã| G iKg : Avwg, evRvi, hvB BZ¨vw`I kã| G¸‡jvi

Avjv`v Avjv`v A_© Av‡Q| wKšÍy G iKg Avjv`v Avjv`v kã g‡bi fve m¤ú~Y© cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB

A_©c~Y© kã Ry‡o Ry‡o gvbyl Zvi g‡bi fve m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| †hgb : ÔAvwg evRv‡i hvB|ÕÑ

GwU GKwU evK¨| GLv‡b e³vi g‡bvfve m¤ú~Y© cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| KZ¸‡jv A_©c~Y© kã hLb GKwÎZ n‡q

e³vi g‡bi fve m¤ú~Y© cÖKvk K‡i, ZLb Zv‡KevK¨e‡j|

Gevi jÿKwi : Avwg, evRvi , hvB Ñ wZbwU A_©c~Y© kã|

Avwg evRv‡i hvB Ñ GKwU g‡bi fve cÖKvkK evK¨|

GLv‡b ÔevRviÕ kãwU ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ nevi mgq wKQzUv (evRvi+G) e`‡j †M‡Q | ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ nevi

mgq k‡ãi †k‡l GB ai‡bi wKQz eY© †hvM nq| G¸‡jv‡K e‡jwefw³| k‡ã wefw³ hy³ n‡jB Zv‡K

c` ejv nq| Zvn‡j ejv hvq: wefw³ hy³ kã‡K A_ev ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ cÖwZwU kã‡K c` e‡j| c` cuvP

cÖKvi : 1. we‡kl¨ 2. we‡klY 3. me©bvg 4. Ae¨q I 5. wµqv|

4.1 wj½všÍ‡ii wbqg I D`vniY

wj½ k‡ãi A_© wPý ev jÿY| evsjv fvlvq Ggb A‡bK kã Av‡Q †h¸‡jv †Kv‡bvwU cyiyl RvZxq,

†Kv‡bvwU ¯¿x RvZxq, †Kv‡bvwU Avevi ¯¿x-cyiyl Dfq‡KB †evSvq| ZvB †hme wPý ev jÿY Øviv kã‡K

cyiyl, ¯¿x ev Ab¨ RvZxq wn‡m‡e Avjv`v Kiv hvq, Zv‡Kwj½e‡j|

wj½ Pvi cÖKvi| h_v :

1. cyswj½ ev cyiylevPK kã| †hgb : evev, †Q‡j, weØvb, my›`i|

2. ¯¿xwj½ ev ¯¿xevPK kã| †hgb : gv, †g‡q, we`ylx, my›`ix|

3. Dfqwj½evPK kã| †hgb : gvbyl, wkï, mšÍvb, evOvwj|

4. K¬xewj½ ev Awj½evPK kã| †hgb : eB, LvZv, †Pqvi, †Uwej|

cyswj½ ev cyiylevPK kã‡K ¯¿xwj½ ev ¯¿xevPK k‡ã i~cvšÍi Kiv‡K wj½všÍi ev wj½ cwieZ©b e‡j|

wj½ cwieZ©‡bi wKQz mvaviY wbqg Av‡Q| †hgb :

1. cyiylevPK k‡ãi †k‡l -Av (v), -C (x), -bx, -Avbx, -Bwb BZ¨vw` ¯¿xcÖZ¨q Ry‡o cyswj½ kã‡K

¯¿xwj‡½ i~cvšÍi Kiv hvq| †hgb : cÖ_g > cÖ_gv, evjK > evwjKv, QvÎ > QvÎx, †R‡j > †R‡jwb|

2. KL‡bv KL‡bv wfbœ kã‡hv‡MI cyswj½ kã ¯¿xwj½evPK k‡ã cwieZ©b nq| †hgb : evev > gv,

†Q‡j > †g‡q, cyiyl> bvix, mv‡ne > wewe, ¯^vgx > ¯¿x, KZ©v > wMwbœ, fvB > †evb, cyÎ > Kb¨v, ei >

K‡b|

3. k‡ãi Av‡M cyiylevPK ev ¯¿xevPK kã Ry‡o w`‡qI k‡ãi wj½všÍi n‡q _v‡K| †hgb : cyiyl gvbyl >

†g‡q gvbyl, û‡jv weovj > †gwb weovj, gÏv †Nvo > gvw` †Nvov, e¨vUv‡Q‡j > †g‡q‡Q‡j, Gu‡o evQzi >

eKbv evQzi, ej` Miy > MvB Miy|

4. KZK¸‡jv cyiylevPK k‡ãi Av‡M gwnjv, bvix BZ¨vw` ¯¿xevPK kã cÖ‡qvM K‡i k‡ãi wj½všÍi nq|

†hgb : Kwe > gwnjv Kwe, Wv³vi > gwnjv Wv³vi, mf¨ > bvix mf¨, ˆmb¨ > bvix ˆmb¨|

5. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv k‡ãi †k‡l cyiyl I ¯¿xevPK kã †hvM K‡i cyswj½ kã ¯¿xwj½evPK k‡ã cwieZ©b

nq| †hgb : Mqjv > Mqjv eD, †evb †cv > †evb wS, VvKzi †cv > VvKzi wS|

26 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

6. KZK¸‡jv k‡ã †Kej cyiyl †evSvq| †hgb : KweivR, K…Z`vi, AK…Z`vi, wecZœxK, ˆ¯¿Y|

7. KZK¸‡jv kã ïay ¯¿xevPK nq| †hgb : mZxb, mrgv, maev, G‡qv, `vB|

wb‡P cyswj½ kã‡K ¯¿xwj‡½ cwieZ©‡bi wKQz wbqg I D`vniY †`Iqv n‡jv :

1. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-AvÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

AR ARv wcÖq wcªqv

AvaywbK AvaywbKv cÖexY cÖexYv

†KvwKj †KvwKjv e„× e„×v

PZzi PZziv gvbbxq gvbbxqv

PÂj PÂjv wkl¨ wkl¨v

bexb bexbv mij mijv

2. k‡ãi †k‡l ÔAvÕ-Gi RvMvq Ô-BÕ cÖZ¨q ewm‡q :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

KvKv KvwK eyov eywo

PvPv PvwP bvbv bvwb

`v`v `vw` gvgv gvwg

3. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-CÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

wK‡kvi wK‡kvix gvbe gvbex

QvÎ QvÎx gq~i gq~ix

ZiyY ZiyYx ivÿm iv ÿmx

`vm `vmx wmsn wmsnx

bi bvix my›`i my›`ix

cvÎ cvÎx nwiY nwiYx

k&ãIc` 27

4. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-wb / -bxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

Kvgvi Kvgvibx †R‡j †R‡jwb

Kzgvi Kzgvibx †avcv †avcvwb

5. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-AvwbÕ / ÔAvbxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

PvKi PvKivwb †g_i †g_ivwb

VvKzi VvKzivwb bvwcZ bvwcZvwb

AiY¨ AiY¨vYx wng wngvbx

B›`ª B›`ªvbx k~`ª k~`ªvbx

6. k‡ãi †k‡l ÔBbxÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

KvOvj KvOvwjbx †Mvqvjv †Mvqvwjbx

Abv_ Abvw_bx evN evwNbx

bvM bvwMbx we‡`wk we‡`wkbx

gvbx gvwbbx ¸Yx ¸wYbx

Zc¯^x Zcw¯^bx abx awbbx

†k¦Zv½ †k¦Zvw½bx my‡Kk my‡Kwkbx

7. k‡ãi †k‡l Ô-BKvÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

evjK evwjKv cvVK cvwVKv

†jLK †jwLKv Aa¨vcK Aa¨vwcKv

MvqK MvwqKv bvqK bvwqKv

†meK †mweKv wkÿK wkwÿKv

8. cyiylevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔZvÕ _vK‡j ÔÎxÕ nq :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

†bZv †bÎx KZ©v KÎ©x

†kªvZv †kªvÎx avZv avÎx

28 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

9. cyiylevPK k‡ãi †k‡l ÔAZÕ, ÔevbÕ, ÔgvbÕ, ÔCqvbÕ _vK‡j ÔAZxÕ, ÔeZxÕ, ÔgwZÕ, ÔCqmxÕ nq :

cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½ cyswj½ ¯¿xwj½

mr mZx gnr gnZx

¸Yevb ¸YeZx i~cevb ¸YeZx

kªxgvb kªxgZx eyw×gvb eyw×gwZ

Mixqvb Mixqmx gnxqvb gnxqmx

4.2 eûePb MV‡bi wbqg I D`vniY

e¨vKi‡Y ePb A_© msL¨vi aviYv| ZvB, †h kã w`‡q e¨vKi‡Y †Kv‡bv wKQzi aviYv cÖKvk Kiv nq, Zv‡K

ePbe‡j|

evsjv fvlvq ePb `y cÖKvi | h_v : 1. GKePb 2. eûePb|

1. GKePb : †h kã w`‡q †Kv‡bv e¯‘, cÖvYx ev e¨w³i GKwUgvÎ msL¨vi aviYv nq, Zv‡K GKePb

e‡j| †hgb :

cvLvwULuy‡R cvw”Q bv|

MvgQvLvbv†Kv_vq ivL‡j?

KvRjwK evwo wd‡i‡Q?

wkÿKej‡jb, Ò`yB Avi `yB Pvi nq|Ó

GKePb cÖKv‡ki Dcvq

evsjv fvlvq GKePb cÖKv‡ki wKQz Dcvq Av‡Q| †hgb :

K. k‡ãi g~j i~‡ci mv‡_ wKQz †hvM bv K‡i :

ÔAvgvievwo†hI ågi, em‡Z †`e wcu‡o|Õ

AvR¯‹zjQzwU|

ixZvMvb wkL‡Z †M‡Q|

evmXvKv †Q‡o‡Q|

L. k‡ãi †k‡l wU, Uv, Lvb, Lvbv, Lvwb, MvQ, MvQv, MvwQ BZ¨vw` wb‡`©kK †hvM K‡i :

†g‡qwULye PvjvK|

†ZvgviKjgUv`vI †Zv|

fvlv 29

†bŠKvLvwb†ek my›`i n‡q‡Q|

eBLvbvAvwg c‡owQ|

`woMvQw`‡q hv †Zv gv|

`v`yi nv‡ZjvwVMvQv†ek gvwb‡q‡Q|

M. k‡ãi Av‡M GK, GKUv, GKwU, GKLvbv, GKRb BZ¨vw` msL¨vevPK kã ewm‡q :

GK†`‡k wQjGKivRv|

†Zvgvi mv‡_GKUvK_v wQj|

GKwUKjg wb‡q `yfvB‡qi g‡a¨ UvbvUvwb ïiy n‡q‡Q|

GKLvbvBs‡iwR Le‡ii KvMR G‡bv †Zv|

GKRbQvÎ G‡mwQj †Zvgvi Kv‡Q|

2. eûePb : †h kã w`‡q G‡Ki AwaK msL¨K e¯‘, e¨w³ ev cÖvYxi aviYv cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K eûePb

e‡j| †hgb :

Avgiv†mLv‡b wM‡qwQjvg|

†Q‡jivgv‡V †Lj‡Q|

ÔwkïMY†`q gb wbR wbR cv‡V|Õ

ÔivLvjMiyi cvjj‡q hvq gv‡V|Õ

eûePb MV‡bi wbqg I D`vniY

evsjv fvlvq eûePb MV‡bi bvbv Dcvq Av‡Q| cÖvwYevPK I AcÖvwYevPK Ges DbœZ cªvwYevPK I BZi

cÖvwYevPK kã‡f‡` wewfbœ ai‡bi eûePb‡evaK wefw³, cÖZ¨q I mgwóevPK kã‡hv‡M eûePb

MVb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb :

1. k‡ãi †k‡l iv, Giv, ¸‡jv, ¸wj, †`i wefw³ †hvM K‡i :

iv Ñ†Q‡jivej †Lj‡Q|

ZvivAvR Avi Avm‡e bv|

GivÑÒ fvB‡qivAvgvi, Ôi³ hLb w`‡qwQ, Av‡iv †`eÕ|ÕÕ

kªwg‡Kivag©NU †W‡K‡Q|

¸‡jv ÑAvg¸‡jvivRkvnx †_‡K G‡m‡Q|

†Q‡j¸‡jvLye ˆn‰P Ki‡Q|

30 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

¸wj ÑeB¸wjRvqMv g‡Zv Zz‡j ivL|

†`i Ñgyw³‡hv×v‡`iAvgiv kª×v Kwi|

2. k‡ãi †k‡l MY, e„›`, eM©, Kzj, gÊjx, gvjv, ¸”Q, cvj, `j, `vg, SuvK, Avewj, me, mg~n, ivwR,

ivwk, cyÄ, †kªwY BZ¨vw` mgwóevPK kã †hvM K‡i :

MYÑÔ wkïMY†`q gb wbR wbR cv‡V|Õ

e„›` Ñ myKvšÍmvwn‡Z¨if³e„›`mgv‡jvPbvI cQ›` K‡ib|

Kzj Ñ mÜ¨vqcÿxKzjKzjvq wd‡i G‡m‡Q|

gÐjx ÑwkÿKgÊjxbexb QvÎ‡`i eiY K‡i wb‡jb|

gvjv Ñ Ô†`wL‡Z wMqvwQce©Zgvjv, †`wL‡Z wMqvwQ wmÜy|Õ

¸”Q Ñ Avwg iex›`ªbv‡_iÔMí¸”QÕc‡owQ|

cvj Ñ ÔivLvjMiyi cvjj‡q hvq gv‡V|Õ

`j Ñ RvZxqwµ‡KU`‡jZvi RvqMv n‡q‡Q|

`vg Ñˆkevj`v‡gcyKzi f‡i‡Q |

SuvK Ñcvqivi SuvKevKzg evKzg Ki‡Q|

Avewj Ñ AvR iv‡Zc`vewjKxZ©b ïb‡Z hve|

meÑÔ cvwLmeK‡i ie ivwZ †cvnvBj|Õ

mg~n Ñ AwZwi³ e„ÿwba‡bi d‡jebmg~nDRvo n‡q hv‡”Q|

ivwR Ñ jvB‡eªwiiMÖš’ivwRig‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mg„×Áv‡bi fvÊvi|

ivwk Ñ evRv‡i wb‡q hvevi Rb¨cy®úivwkPqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cyÄ Ñ†gNcy‡ÄiAe¯’vb †`‡L g‡b n‡”Q e„wó n‡e|

†kªwY ÑawbK‡kªwYme mgqwbgœ‡kªwYiDci Lei`vwi K‡i _v‡K|

3. k‡ãi Av‡M A‡bK, ARmª, AmsL¨, cÖPzi, eû, we¯Íi, bvbv, †Xi, me, mKj, mg¯Í, n‡iK BZ¨vw`

kã e¨envi K‡i :

A‡bK Ñ Gevi cixÿvqA‡bK QvÎ†dj K‡i‡Q|

ARmª Ñ ZviARmª UvKv-cqmv n‡q‡Q|

AmsL¨ Ñ evsjv‡`‡kiAmsL¨ gvbylGL‡bv AwkwÿZ|

cÖPzi Ñ evRv‡icÖPzi AvgD‡V‡Q|

eû Ñ wZwbeû m¤úwËigvwjK|

we¯Íi Ñ Ô†m K‡nwe¯Íi wgQv, †h K‡n we¯Íi|Õ

bvbv ÑÔbvbv gywbi bvbv gZ|Õ

fvlv 31

†Xi Ñ e„wó Avm‡Z GL‡bv†Xi evwK|

me Ñ evRv‡i wM‡qme UvKvLiP n‡q †Mj|

mKj Ñ c„w_eximKj gvbylAvgvi fvB|

mg¯Í Ñ Zvimg¯Í KvwnwbBwQj ev‡bvqvU|

n‡iK Ñ †gjvqn‡iK iKgwRwbm cvIqv hvq|

4. GKB kã ci ci `yevi ewm‡q :

dy‡j Ñ evMvbUvdz‡j dz‡jf‡i †M‡Q|

nuvwo Ñ eihvÎxivnuvwo nuvwom‡›`k wb‡q G‡m‡Q|

Kuvwo Ñ †g‡qi we‡q‡ZKuvwo KuvwoUvKv LiPv n‡q †Mj|

e‡j Ñ †Zvgv‡Ke‡j e‡jAvi cvijvg bv|

†L‡U Ñ Avwg†L‡U †L‡Umviv njvg|

Øv‡i ÑØv‡i Øv‡iNy‡iI AvR wfÿv RyUj bv|

†QvU Ñ ÔAvgv‡`i †QvU Muv‡q†QvU †QvUNi|Õ

eo Ñ eveveo eoAvg wK‡b G‡b‡Qb|

N‡i Ñ AvRN‡i N‡iweR‡qi Avb›`|

we›`y ÑÔwe›`y we›`yRj, M‡o †Zv‡j mvMi AZj|Õ

fv‡jv Ñ K¬v‡mifv‡jv fv‡jv†Q‡j‡K cyi¯‹vi †`Iqv n‡e|

hviv - Zviv Ñhviv hvivhv‡eZviv Zvivj‡Â wM‡q I‡Vv|

5. Av‡M msL¨vevPK kã ewm‡q :

KvÂ‡bi we‡q‡Zk cuv‡PKAwZw_ Lv‡e|

mßvn `yBc‡i gv‡Qi `vg K‡g hv‡e|

wkqvj ZvimvZ†Q‡j‡K Kzwg‡ii Kv‡Q co‡Z w`j|

`k †KwRim‡Mvjøv w`b †Zv|

32 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

6. KL‡bv KL‡bv GKeP‡bi i~c w`‡q :

gvbylgiYkxj|

evOvwjme cv‡i|

evMv‡bdzj dz‡U‡Q|

evRv‡i†jvK R‡g‡Q|

†cvKviAvµg‡Y dmj bó nq|

e‡bevN_v‡K|

MiyAvgv‡`i `ya †`q|

* we‡kl `ªóe¨

ePb g~jZ we‡kl¨ I me©bvg c‡`i GK ev GKvwaK msL¨vi aviYv wb‡`©k K‡i| †m-Kvi‡Y ïay we‡kl¨ I

me©bvg c‡`i ePb‡f` nq|

DbœZ cªvwYevPK k‡ãi eûeP‡b MY, e„›`, gÊjx, eM© Ges AcÖvwYevPK k‡ãi eûeP‡b Avewj, ¸”Q, `vg,

wbKi, cyÄ, gvjv, ivwR, ivwk e¨eüZ nq|

iv, Giv, MY, ¸‡jv, Kzj, mKj, me, mg~n cÖvwYevPK I AcÖvwYevPK Dfq k‡ãi eûeP‡b e¨eüZ n‡q

_v‡K|

evsjv ev‡K¨ GKB m‡½ GKvwaK eûePbevPK kã e¨eüZ nq bv| †hgb :

mKj QvÎ‡`i eywS‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| (fzj)

mKj QvÎ‡K eywS‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| (ï×)

QvÎ‡`i eywS‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| (ï×)

4.3 we‡k‡l¨i †kªwYwefvM

Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q:

c` cuvP cÖKvi : we‡kl¨ ; we‡klY ; me©bvg ; Ae¨q ; wµqv|

we‡kl¨c`

ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ †h c` Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘, mgwó, ¯’vb, Kvj, fve, KvR ev ¸‡Yi bvg †evSvq,

Zv‡K we‡kl¨c` e‡j| GK K_vq, †Kv‡bv wKQzi bvg‡K we‡kl¨c` e‡j| †hgb : bRiyj, gvbyl, eB,

LvZv, †jLvcov, cï, mfv, mwgwZ, XvKv, Lyjbv, kqb, †fvRb BZ¨vw`|

kãIc` 33

we‡kl¨c‡`i bvbv †kªwYwefvM i‡q‡Q|†hgb :

1. msÁvevPK we‡kl¨ : †h we‡kl¨c` Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³, cÖvYx, ¯’vb, b`x, mgy`ª, ce©Z, MÖš’ BZ¨vw`i

wbw`©ó bvg †evSvq, Zv‡KmsÁvevPK we‡kl¨e‡j| G‡K bvgevPK we‡kl¨I ejv nq| †hgb :

e¨w³i bvg :AvjvIj, ew¼g, bRiyj, myKvšÍ, †iv‡Kqv, mgxiY eo–qv, ievU©, wgëb, n¨vwi|

cÖvYxi bvg :Miy, QvMj, †fov, wmsn, evN, nuvm, gyiwM, gqbv, wUqv, kvwjK, wnc‡cv‡Ugvm|

¯’v‡bi bvg :Lyjbv, XvKv, PÆMÖvg, kªxcyi, †kicyi, †MvcvjMÄ, w`wjø, g‡¯‹v, jÛb, c¨vwim|

b`-b`xi bvg :eªþcyÎ, eywoM½v, cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv, bxjb`, AvgvRvb, †nvqvs‡nv|

mgy‡`ªi bvg :e‡½vcmvMi, fviZ gnvmvMi, cÖkvšÍgnvmvMi, Avie mvMi|

cvnvo-ce©‡Zi bvg :Mv‡iv cvnvo, wngvjq, jvjgvB, †KIµvWvs, wn›`yKzk, K‡Kkvm, Avw›`R|

MÖ‡š’i bvg :MxZvÄwj, AwMœexYv, wngy Agwbevm, †eovj gvbex, euva †f‡O `vI|

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM

KvRx bRiyj BmjvgAvgv‡`i RvZxq Kwe|

my›`ieb Lyjbv†Rjvq Aew¯’Z|

Avgv‡`i evwoa‡jk¦ixb`xi cv‡o|

AvwgÔAwMœexYvÕc‡owQ|

MiyM„ncvwjZ cï|

Avwgwngvjq†`wLwb|

jÛ‡b bwR‡eigvgv _v‡Kb|

`yejviPi e‡½vcmvM‡iiGKwU Pi|

2. †kªwYevPK we‡kl¨ : †h we‡kl¨c` Øviv e¨w³, cÖvYx, ¯’vb, b`x, ce©Z BZ¨vw`i mvaviY bvg †evSvq,

Zv‡K †kªwYevPK we‡kl¨ e‡j| †hgb : gvbyl, cvwL, ce©Z, Kwe, kni, eB, MvQ, evOvwj, gvQ, mvMi

BZ¨vw`|

msÁvevPK we‡k‡l¨i mv‡_ †kªwYevPK we‡k‡l¨i AvcvZ wgj jÿKiv †M‡jI †ek wKQz cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

msÁvevPK we‡k‡l¨i Øviv mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘, cÖvYx ev ¯’v‡bi bvg †evSvq|

34 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

wKšÍy†kªwYevPK we‡kl¨c` Gm‡ei mvaviY ev Awbw`©ó bvg cÖKvk K‡i| †hgb :

msÁvevPK we‡kl¨ (wbw`©ó) †kªwYevPK we‡kl¨ (Awbw`©ó)

1. iex›`ªbv_ wek¦Kwe| 1. Kwe wPiKvj eiYxq|

2. gvbylwUÿyavq KvZi| 2. gvbyl giYkxj|

3. †cvovevwoi PgPg Lye wgwó| 3. wgwó mevB cQ›` K‡i bv|

4. Avwg Bwjk gvQ †L‡Z fv‡jvevwm| 4. mevB gvQ †L‡Z fv‡jvev‡m|

5. Avgiv XvKv kn‡i _vwK| 5. Avgiv kn‡i _vwK|

6. Avwg ÔAwMœexYvÕ cowQ| 6. Avwg eB cowQ|

7. wngvjq we‡k¦i m‡e©v”P ce©Z| 7. ce©‡Z IVv Lye wec¾bK|

8. gqbv cvwL K_v e‡j| 8. cvwL AvKv‡k I‡o|

9. cÙv evsjv‡`‡ki eo b`x| 9. b`x mvM‡i wM‡q †g‡k|

10. my›`ixMvQ my›`ie‡b cIqv hvq| 10. MvQ Avgv‡`i cÖvY euvPvq|

3. mgwóevPK we‡kl¨ : †h we‡kl¨c` Øviv GKRvZxq e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cªvYxi mgwó †evSvq, Zv‡K

mgwóevPK we‡kl¨ e‡j| †hgb : RbZv, mfv, mwgwZ, †kªwY, `j, msN, cvj, SuvK, ¸”Q, gvjv, mvwi

BZ¨vw`|

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM

RbZv†ÿ‡c †M‡j Kv‡iv iÿv †bB|

mfvbqUvq ïiy n‡q‡Q|

GLv‡b GKUveûgyLx mgevq mwgwZM‡o D‡V‡Q|

we‡kl¨c‡`i bvbv†kªwYwefvMi‡q‡Q|

`je`j K‡i Avi KZw`b Pj‡e?

GKcvj nwiYAvgv‡`i mvg‡b w`‡q P‡j †Mj|

Bs‡iR‡`i†bŠeniwek¦L¨vZ|

Avwg†mbvevwnbxiKzPKvIqvR †`‡LwQ|

4. fveevPK we‡kl¨ : †h we‡kl¨c` Øviv wµqvi fve ev Kv‡Ri bvg †evSvq, Zv‡K fveevPK ev

wµqvevPK we‡kl¨e‡j| †hgb : †fvRb, kqb, `k©b, Mgb, kªeY, Kiv, †`Lv, †kvbv BZ¨vw`|

kãIc` 35

fveevPK we‡kl¨ I wµqvc` GK bq| †hgb :

fveevPK we‡kl¨ wµqvc`

1. †KvUevwo `k©b K‡i Gjvg| 1. Avwg †KvUevwo †`‡LwQ|

2. gnviv‡Ri †fvRb-ce© †kl n‡q‡Q| 2. Avgiv †L‡qwQ|

3. evevi kqb GL‡bv m¤úbœ nqwb| 3. evev ï‡q‡Qb|

4. LyKzi bvPb †`‡L hv| 4. LyKzbvP‡Q|

5. Zvi †evanq †div n‡e bv| 5. †m wd‡i‡Q|

4.4 wb‡`©kK me©bv‡gi i~c (PwjZ ixwZ) : ÔGÕ, ÔIÕ

ev‡K¨ we‡kl¨c‡`i cwie‡Z© †h c` e¨eüZ nq, Zv‡Kme©bvgc`e‡j| †hgb :

we‡kl¨ :eKzjfv‡jv †Q‡j|

me©bvg :†mcÖwZw`b ¯‹z‡j hvq|

Zvi¯^

v¯’¨ fv‡jv|

Zv‡KmevB fv‡jvev‡m|

GLv‡b we‡kl¨ ÔeKzjÕ-Gi cwie‡Z© Ô†mÕ, ÔZviÕ, ÔZv‡KÕ cÖf…wZ c` e¨envi Kivq evK¨¸‡jv kÖywZgayi

n‡q‡Q|

evsjv fvlvq me©bvgc` bvbviKg nq|†hgb :

1.e¨w³evPK me©bvg : Avwg, Avgiv, Zzwg, †Zvgiv, †m, Zviv, wZwb, Giv, Iiv BZ¨vw`|

2. wb‡`©kK me©bvg : G, GwU, †mwU, †m¸‡jv BZ¨vw`|

3. mvKj¨evPK me©bvg : mKj, me, mgy`q BZ¨vw`|

4. mv‡cÿme©bvg : †h-†m, hv-Zv, whwb-wZwb BZ¨vw`|

5. cÖkœm~PK me©bvg : Kx, Kvi, Kv‡`i, wK‡m BZ¨vw`|

6. Awb‡`©kK me©bvg : †KD, †Kvb, †Kn, wKQz BZ¨vw`|

7. AvZ¥evPK me©bvg : ¯^qs, wbR, †Lv`, Avcwb BZ¨vw`|

8. Ab¨vw`evPK me©bvg : Ab¨, Aci, ci BZ¨vw`|

36 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

wb‡`©kK me©bv‡gi i~c : ÔGÕ, ÔIÕ

†h me©bvgc` mvaviYZ we‡kl¨‡K wbw`©ó K‡i †`q, Zv‡Kwb‡`©kK me©bvgc`e‡j| †hgb :

G, GB, Giv, Bnviv, Bnv, Guiv, Bnv‡`i, Gu‡`i, I, Iiv, I‡`i,

Iu‡`i, H, Dwb, Dnv, Dnv‡`i BZ¨vw`|

we‡kl¨c‡`i mv‡_ †hgb wefw³ †hvM n‡q kãMVb K‡i, †Zgwb wefw³, cÖZ¨q I Kg©cÖePbxq hy³ n‡q

me©bv‡gi i~c nq|

wb‡P wb‡`©kK me©bvg ÔGÕ Ges ÔIÕ-Gi PwjZ i~c †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

G-Gi i~c

1. cÖvwYevPK i~c : GKePb eûePb

G, Gi, Bwb, Gui Giv, G‡`i, Guiv, Gu‡`i

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM : GAvgvi fvB;Gibvg D¾¡j|

BwbAvgvi PvPv;GuivKivwP _v‡Kb|Gu‡`i†jvnvj°‡oi eo e¨emv Av‡Q|

2. AcÖvwYevPK i~c : GKePb eûePb

GUv, GwU, GLvbv Gme, G¸‡jv, Gmg¯Í

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM : GUvGLvb †_‡K mivI|

GwUAvcbvi eB|

G¸‡jv†Uwe‡j ivL|

Gm‡eiRb¨ Zzwg `vqx|

Gmg¯ÍK_v Avgv‡K †Kb †kvbv‡”Qb?

I-Gi i~c

1. cÖvwYevPK i~c : GKePb eûePb

I, Ii, Iu, Dwb, I‡`i, I‡K Iiv, I‡`i, Iuiv, Iu‡`i, I‡`i‡K

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM : I†hb wd‡i Av‡m|

Dwbm¤ú‡K© Avgvi gvgv nb|Iu‡`ievwo gqgbwmsn|

I‡KGLb WvKvi `iKvi †bB|

I‡`i†h‡Z ej|

kãIc` 37

2. AcÖvwYevPK i~c : GKePb eûePb

IB, IwU, ILvbv Ime, I¸‡jv, Img¯Í

ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qvM : Z‡eIBK_vB iBj|

IwUwK‡mi eB?

ILvbvAvevi K‡e wKb‡j?

ImeK_v Qv‡ov †Zv|

†ZvgviI¸‡jvKvj †`‡L †`e|

Img¯Í ¸jevwR Gevi eÜ K‡iv|

4.5 avZz I wµqvc`

wµqvc`

†h c` Øviv †Kv‡bv wKQz Kiv ev †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv †evSvq, Zv‡Kwµqvc`e‡j| †hgb :

evev G‡m‡Qb|

Nwo‡Z `kUv ev‡R|

Avwg A¼ KiwQ|

wµqvc` bvbv iKg nq :

1. mgvwcKv wµqv: †h wµqv Øviv ev‡K¨i A_© m¤ú~Y© cÖKvwkZ nq, Zv‡KmgvwcKv wµqve‡j| †hgb :

†mZz ¯‹z‡j hvq|

we_y Mvb Mvq|

2. AmgvwcKv wµqv : †h wµqv Øviv ev‡K¨i A_© m¤ú~Y© nq bv, Zv‡K AmgvwcKv wµqv e‡j| †hgb :

Avwg evwowM‡q.......

†m eBwb‡q ........

GLv‡b ÔwM‡qÕ, Ôwb‡qÕ wµqvi Øviv K_v †kl nqwb| ev‡K¨i A_© Am¤ú~Y© i‡q‡Q| ev‡K¨i A_© m¤ú~Y©

Kivi Rb¨ Av‡iv wµqv PvB| †hgb :

Avwg evwo wM‡qLve|

†m eB wb‡q co‡Ze‡m‡Q|

myZivs,ÔwM‡qÕ, Ôwb‡qÕn‡”Q AmgvwcKv wµqv| AviÔLveÕ, Ôe‡m‡QÕG¸‡jv mgvwcKv wµqv|

38 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

3.mKg©K wµqv :†h wµqvi †Kv‡bv Kg© _v‡K, Zv‡KmKg©K wµqve‡j| †hgb :

¯^

cb wPwV wjL‡Q|

KvÂb eB co‡Q|

4. AKg©K wµqv :†h wµqvi †Kv‡bv Kg© _v‡K bv, Zv‡KAKg©K wµqve‡j| †hgb :

†mwjgv †eMg evwo hvq|

gwY gvigv fvZ Lvq|

5. wØKg©K wµqv :†h wµqvi `ywU Kg© _v‡K Zv‡K wØKg©K wµqve‡j| †hgb :

wkÿK QvÎ‡`i evsjv cov‡”Qb|

gv wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡”Qb|

6. cÖ‡hvRK wµqv: †h wµqv A‡b¨i Øviv PvwjZ nq,Zv‡KcÖ‡hvRK wµqve‡j| †hgb :

gv †LvKv‡K Puv` †`Lv‡”Qb|

mvcy‡o mvc †Ljvq|

7. †hŠwMK wµqv : GKwU mgvwcKv wµqv I GKwU AmgvwcKv wµqv wgwjZ n‡q †h wµqvc` MwVZ nq,

Zv‡K†hŠwMK wµqve‡j| †hgb :

†m cvk K‡i †Mj|

mvB‡ib †e‡R DVj|

avZz

wµqvi g~j Ask‡K avZz e‡j|

wµqvc`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j `y‡Uv Ask cvIqv hvq :

1. avZz ev wµqvg~j : Ki&, hv, Lv, cv, ej&, †`L&, †Lj&, †` BZ¨vw`|

2. wµqvwefw³ : Av, B, wQ, †Q, †e, †Z, †j, jvg BZ¨vw`|

avZz wZb cÖKvi|h_v : 1. †gŠwjK avZz 2. mvwaZ avZz 3. †hŠwMK ev ms‡hvMg~jK avZz|

1. †gŠwjK avZz : †hme avZz we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv, Zv‡K †gŠwjK avZz e‡j| †hgb : Ki&, Pj&, co&, eo&,

cv, hv, †`, Lv, n& BZ¨vw`|

2. mvwaZ avZz : †gŠwjK avZz ev bvg-k‡ãi c‡i Av-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M †h avZz MwVZ nq, Zv‡K mvwaZ avZz

e‡j| †hgb:

kãIc` 39

Ki&+Av=Kiv

†`L& + Av = †`Lv

ej&+Av=ejv

5. †hŠwMK avZz : we‡kl¨, we‡klY ev aŸb¨vZ¥K Ae¨‡qi mv‡_ Ki&, †`, n, cv, Lv BZ¨vw` †gŠwjK

avZz wgwjZ n‡q †h bZzb avZz MwVZ nq, Zv‡K †hŠwMK ev ms‡hvMg~jK avZz e‡j| †hgb : fq

Ki&, fv‡jv n&, DËi †`, gvi Lv, `ytL cv BZ¨vw`|

4.6 †gŠwjK I mvwaZ avZz

†gŠwjK avZz : †gŠwjK avZz‡K fvOv ev we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv| G¸‡jv‡K wm× ev¯^

qswm× avZzI ejv n‡q

_v‡K|

evsjv fvlvq †gŠwjK avZz wZb cÖKvi|h_v :

1. ms¯‹…Z avZz

2. evsjv avZz

3. we‡`kvMZ avZz

1. ms¯‹…Z avZz :Zrmg wµqvc‡`i avZz‡Kms¯‹…Z avZze‡j| †hgb :

A¼& + Ab = A¼b : †QvU‡`i wPÎv¼b cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq we_y cÖ_g n‡q‡Q|

`„k&+h= `„k¨ : `yN©Ubvi gg©vwšÍK `„k¨ eY©bv Kiv hvq bv|

K… + Ze¨ = KZ©e¨ : QvÎ‡`i KZ©e¨ †jLvcov Kiv|

nm&+h= nvm¨ : AKviY nvm¨cwinvm Z¨vM Ki|

2. evsjv avZz : †hme avZz ms¯‹…Z †_‡K cÖvK…‡Zi gva¨‡g cwiewZ©Z n‡q evsjvq e¨eüZ nq, Zv‡K evsjv

avZzevLuvwU evsjv avZze‡j| †hgb :

AuvK& + Av = AuvKv : Kxme AuvKvAuvwK KiQ?

†`L& + Av = †`Lv : Rv`yNi Avgvi K‡qKevi †`Lv|

Ki&+A=Ki: Zzwg Kx Ki?

nvm&+B= nvwm : †Zvgvi nvwmwU Lye my›`i|

3. we‡`kvMZ avZz : we‡`wk fvlv †_‡K AvMZ †hme avZz evsjv fvlvq e¨eüZ nq, Zv‡K we‡`kvMZ avZz

evwe‡`wk avZze‡j| †hgb :

40 evsjv e¨vKiY I wbwg©wZ

LvU& + †e = LvU‡e : hZ †ewk LvU‡e ZZB mydj cv‡e|

weMo& + Av‡bv : †Zvgvi weMov‡bv †Q‡j‡K fv‡jv Kivi mva¨ Avgvi †bB|

Uvb& + Av : Avgv‡K wb‡q UvbvUvwb K‡iv bv, Avwg hve bv|

Rg& + AvU = RgvU : AÜKvi †ek RgvU †eu‡a‡Q|

mvwaZ avZz :†gŠwjK avZz ev bvg k‡ãi c‡i Av-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M mvwaZ avZz MwVZ n‡q _v‡K|

mvwaZ avZz wZb cÖKvi|h_v :

1. cÖ‡hvRK avZz

2. bvg avZz

Zv‡KcÖ‡hvRK avZzevwYRšÍavZze‡j| †hgb :

co&+Av=wk ÿK QvÎ‡`i cov‡”Qb|

Ki& + Av = †m wb‡R K‡i bv, Ab¨‡K w`‡q Kivq|

bvP& + Av = bvPv : ÔI‡i †fuv`o wd‡i Pv, LyKzi bvPb †`‡L hv|Õ

2. bvg avZz : we‡kl¨, we‡klY I AbyKvi Ae¨‡qi c‡i Av-cÖZ¨q‡hv‡M MwVZ avZz‡K bvg avZz e‡j|

†hgb :

Nyg& + Av : evev Nygv‡”Qb|

agK& +Av : Avgv‡K hZB agKvI, Avwg G KvR Kie bv|

nvZ& + Av : A‡b¨i c‡KU nvZv‡bv Avgvi¯^

fve bq|

Ki& + Av = Kiv : Avwg †Zvgv‡K A¼wU Ki‡Z e‡jwQ|

nvi& + Av = nviv : eBwU nvwi‡q †d‡jwQ|

Lv + Iqv = LvIqv : †Zvgvi LvIqv n‡j Avgv‡K e‡jv|

kãIc` 41

wµqv| †hgb :

gv ivbœv Ki‡Qb|

G ev‡K¨ wµqvc` n‡”Q ÔKi‡QbÕ|

cÖkœ : Kx Ki‡Qb?

DËi : ivbœv|

†mŠif c‡o|

AKg©K wµqv|

1. Avwg wUwdb †L‡qwQ| 1. Avwg wUwd‡b †L‡qwQ|

2. mwjgDwÏb mv‡ne RvKvZ w`‡q‡Qb| 2. mwjgDwÏb mv‡ne RvKv‡Z w`‡q‡Qb|

3. gvLb ivq Mvb Mv‡”Q| 3. gvLb ivq Mv‡b g‡R‡Q|

jÿKi :

1. AvR¯‹zj†Lvjv|

2. MZKvj¯‹zjeÜ wQj|

3. AvMvgxKvj †_‡K cixÿv ïiy|

Ic‡ii evK¨ wZbwU‡Z wµqvc`¸‡jv wb®úbœ nevi wewfbœ mgq †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g ev‡K¨ Ô†LvjvÕ

ev‡K¨ Ôn‡eÕ wµqvwU Øviv KvRwU c‡i ev fwel¨‡Z m¤úbœ n‡e Ggb fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q,

m¤úbœ nIqvi GB mgq ev Kvj‡Kwµqvi Kvje‡j|

wµqvi Kvj wZb cÖKvi|h_v :

1. eZ©gvb Kvj

2. AZxZ Kvj

3. fwel¨r Kvj

Avwg cwo|

†m hvq|

KvKwj †`Šovq|

AvBDe Mvb Mvq|

2. AZxZKvj :†h wµqv Av‡MB m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q, Zvi Kvj‡KAZxZKvje‡j| †hgb :

Avwg Zv‡K †`‡LwQjvg|

MZKvj XvKv wM‡qwQjvg|

gv ivbœv KiwQ‡jb|

3. fwel¨rKvj : †h wµqv AvMvgx‡Z ev fwel¨‡Z m¤úbœ n‡e Ggb †evSvq, Zvi Kvj‡K fwel¨rKvj

e‡j| †hgb :

e„wó Avm‡e|

mxgv Kvj Mvb MvB‡e|

cv_© bvP‡e|

cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kvj Avevi K‡qK fv‡M wef³|h_v :

2. AZxZKvj : K. mvaviY AZxZ L. NUgvb AZxZ M. cyivNwUZ AZxZ N. wbZ¨e„Ë AZxZ

3. fwel¨rKvj : K. mvaviY fwel¨r L. NUgvb fwel¨r M. cyivNwUZ fwel¨r

kãIc` 43

1. eZ©gvbKvj

`yB Avi `yB‡q Pvi nq|

Avwg †ivR we`¨vj‡q co‡Z hvB|

Avgvi †QvU fvB wjL‡Q|

†Q‡jiv GL‡bv dzUej †Lj‡Q|

†Uwjwfk‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i †jLv bvUK †`Lv‡”Q|

GLb evev Awdm †_‡K wd‡i‡Qb|

Gevi gv †L‡Z †W‡K‡Qb|

Ae‡k‡l Avwg Bs‡iwR cov †kl K‡iwQ|

2. AZxZKvj

K. mvaviY AZxZ : †h wµqv AZxZKv‡j mvaviYfv‡e msNwUZ n‡q‡Q, Zv‡K mvaviY AZxZKvj e‡j|

†hgb :

wZwb Lyjbv †_‡K G‡jb|

evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU `‡ji AwabvqK Lye fv‡jv e¨vU Ki‡jb|

Avwg †Ljv †`‡L Gjvg|

L. NUgvb AZxZ: †h wµqv AZxZKv‡j P‡jwQj, ZL‡bv †kl nqwb †evSvq, Zv‡K NUgvb AZxZKvj

e‡j| †hgb :

wiZv Nygvw”Qj|

mygb eB cowQj|

Avwg †Q‡j‡ejvi K_v fvewQjvg|

M. cyivNwUZ AZxZ : †h wµqv A‡bK Av‡MB †kl n‡q †M‡Q, Zvi Kvj‡K cyivNwUZ AZxZKvj e‡j|

†hgb :

Avgiv ivRkvnx wM‡qwQjvg|

Zzwg wK Zvi cixÿv wb‡qwQ‡j?

Avwg Zv‡K fvZ †L‡Z †`‡LwQjvg|

N. wbZ¨e„Ë AZxZ :†h wµqv AZx‡Z cÖvqB NUZ Ggb †evSvq, Zv‡KwbZ¨e„Ë AZxZKvje‡j| †hgb :

evev cÖwZw`b evRvi Ki‡Zb|

¯‹zjQzwUi ci eÜz‡`i m‡½ †ivR cov wb‡q Avjvc KiZvg|

QywU‡Z cÖwZ eQi MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z †eov‡Z †hZvg|

3. fwel¨rKvj

K. mvaviY fwel¨r : †h wµqv c‡i ev AvMvgx‡Z mvaviYfv‡e msNwUZ n‡e, Zvi Kvj‡K mvaviY

fwel¨rKvje‡j| †hgb :

evev AvR Avm‡eb|

ÔAvwg ne mKvj‡ejvi cvwL|Õ

L. NUgvb fwel¨r : †h wµqvi KvR fwel¨‡Z ïiy n‡q Pj‡Z _vK‡e, Zvi Kvj‡K NUgvb fwel¨rKvj

e‡j| †hgb :

mygb nq‡Zv ZLb †`L‡Z _vK‡e|

gbxlv †`Šov‡Z _vK‡e|

Avwgbv K_v ej‡Z _vK‡e|

M. cyivNwUZ fwel¨r : †h wµqv m¤¢eZ N‡U wM‡q‡Q Ges †mwU †evSv‡Z mvaviY fwel¨rKvj‡evaK kã

e¨envi Kiv nq, Ggb n‡j Zvi Kvj‡KcyivNwUZ fwel¨rKvje‡j| †hgb :

Zzwg nq‡Zv Avgv‡K G K_v e‡j _vK‡e|

m¤¢eZ AvMvgxKvj cixÿvi dj †ei n‡e|

KvÂb †evanq KwVb A¼Uv ey‡S _vK‡e|

kãIc` 45

4. AbyÁv

nq, Zv‡KAbyÁve‡j| †hgb :

†ivnvb wjLyK|

wg_¨v K_v e‡jv bv|

A¼Uv eywS‡q †`‡eb?

Avgv‡K Zzwg iÿv K‡iv, cÖfz|

Av‡`k Kiyb Ruvnvcbv|

mvaviY Zzwg, †Zvgiv, -A, -I, -DK K‡iv, hvI, LvI, †`I

†m, Zviv

m¤£gvZ¥K Avcwb, Avcbviv, -Db, -b, -Gb hvDb, hvb, Kiyb, K‡ib

Zuviv, wZwb

2. fwel¨rKv‡ji AbyÁv : me mgq mwZ¨ ej‡e|

eo nI, eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

Amy¯’ n‡j Ilya Lv‡e|

fwel¨rKv‡ji AbyÁvi ga¨g I bvgcyiy‡li i~c :

mvaviY Zzwg, †Zvgiv, -I, -†e K‡iv, Ki‡e, †LI, hv‡e

†m, Zviv

m¤£gvZ¥K Avcwb, Avcbviv, -†eb Ki‡eb, †`L‡eb, hv‡eb,

Zuviv, wZwb †`‡eb

Kg©-Abykxjb

1. evey‡`ievwoi †Q‡j¸‡jvLye fv‡jv| Zvivwe¯Íi†jLvcov K‡i|mKj†jvK Zv‡`ifv‡jvev‡m|

¯‹z‡j Iiv wkÿKgÊjxi bqbgwY| Zviv eÜzgn‡jI A‡bK RbwcÖq| ¸iyR‡biv I‡`i

iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔMí¸”QÕ cwo‡q‡Qb|

ÑDc‡ii Aby‡”Q`wU‡Z †gvUv `v‡Mi kã¸‡jv eûePb cÖKvkK cÖZ¨q I kã| G¸‡jv †Zvgvi LvZvq †jL|

Zvici G¸‡jvi †KvbwU cÖvwYevPK †KvbwU AcÖvwYevPK ev †KvbwU Dfq‡ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ nq Zv GKwU Q‡Ki

g‡a¨ cÖKvk Ki|

2. Avgvi evev GKRb wkÿK| PvPv miKvwi nvmcvZv‡ji Wv³vi| Avgvi gvgv GKRb cywjk

mevB e‡j Avqv| Avwg I¯Ív‡`i Kv‡Q Mvb wkwL| Avgvi I¯Ív` GKRb eo MvqK| Avgv‡`i

gvjx Avgv‡K dzj Mv‡Qi hZœ Ki‡Z †kLvq| ivRv-ev`kvn, ivÿm-`vbe-f~Z-wckv‡Pi Mí

†kvbvq| Avgvi eÜz gvjvI Gme Mí †kv‡b| Zvi GKwU †gwb †eovj Av‡Q, †mwUI †kv‡b|

ÑDc‡ii Aby‡”Q` †_‡K wewfbœ wj½evPK kã¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei Ki Ges †m¸‡jvi †KvbwU †Kvb †kªwYi

3. b`x cvi n‡q, Icv‡o Kz‡gvi‡`i GKUv MÖv‡gi †fZ‡i mvivw`b †`LwQ I‡`i gvwUi KvR| nuvwo

cvwZj miv mvbwK ˆZwi Ki‡Q Iiv| †ewk †KŠZ~nj wb‡q †`‡LwQ cvUvi KvR| gvwUi cvUvq

dz‡ji bKkv, iex›`ªbv_, †eYxeÜbiZ hyeZxi wPÎ, Rqby‡ji AuvKv Miyi PvKv †V‡j †Zvjvi

cÖwZwjwc, DošÍ cix, gq~icw•L †bŠ‡Kvi wPÎ, †PvL ey‡R bRiyj †h euvwk evRv‡”Qb, †mB

d‡UvMÖv‡di bKj| euvke‡b Av”Qbœ kxZj GKwU MÖv‡g, Awek¦vm¨ wSg aiv bxieZvi †fZ‡i,

meyR k¨vIjv aiv Kz‡gvi‡`i cÖv½‡Y mvi w`‡q mvRv‡bv iex›`ªbv_, bRiyj, Rqbyj|

ÑDc‡ii Aby‡”Q` †_‡K we‡kl¨ (msÁvevPK, †kªwYevPK, mgwóevPK), wµqv (mgvwcKv, AmgvwcKv)

c`¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei K‡i GKwU QK ˆZwi Ki|

K. PÊx`vme‡jb, Ômevi Dci gvbyl mZ¨ Zvnvi

†jL‡Ki D×„wZ w`‡Z ]

BANGLADESH

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বাংলা ব্যাকরণ bangla grammer (lesson: 4) শব্দওপদ

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