বাংলা ব্যাকরণ bangla grammer (lesson: 3) সন্ধি

mwÜ

3. mwÜ

3.1 mwÜ

3.2 wemM© mwÜ

Kg©-Abykxjb

3. mwÜ

3.1 mwÜ

gvbyl K_v ejvi mgq K_vi MwZ e„w× cvq| `ªyZ K_v ejvi mgq KL‡bv KL‡bv KvQvKvwQ _vKv `y‡Uv

aŸwbi D”PviY GKwÎZ n‡q hvq| e¨vKi‡Y G‡K mwÜ ejv nq| †hgb : ÔAvwg we`¨v Avj‡q hve|Õ

evK¨wU ejvi mgq ÔAvwg we`¨vj‡q hveÕ n‡q hvq| GLv‡b Ôwe`¨vÕ-Gi ÔAvÕ-aŸwb Ges ÔAvjqÕ-Gi

ÔAvÕ-aŸwb wg‡j †M‡Q| W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn& wj‡L‡Qb : `ywU eY© AZ¨šÍ wbKUeZ©x n‡j D”Pvi‡Yi myweavi

Rb¨ Df‡qi wgjb n‡q GK eY© ev G‡Ki i~cvšÍi ev G‡Ki †jvc ev Df‡qi i~cvšÍi n‡jÑ Gi~c wgjb‡K

mwÜ e‡j|

GB msÁvi Av‡jv‡K ejv P‡j : cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z `y‡Uv aŸwbi wgj‡bi d‡j hw` GK
aŸwb m„wó nq,

Z‡e Zv‡K mwÜ e‡j|

mwÜ k‡ãi A_© wgjb| `y‡Uv aŸwbi mw܇Z cÖ_g k‡ãi †kl aŸwb Ges c‡ii k‡ãi cÖ_g aŸwbi wgjb

N‡U| mwÜi d‡j bZzb bZzb k‡ãi m„wó nq| K_v ejvi mgq k‡ãi D”PviY mnR nq| fvlv mswÿß

nq Ges ïb‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M|

mw܇Z aŸwbi Pvi ai‡bi wgjb nq :

1. Dfq aŸwb wg‡j GKwU aŸwb nq|

2. GKwU aŸwb e`‡j hvq|

3. GKwU aŸwb †jvc cvq|

4. Dfq aŸwbi e`‡j bZzb aŸwbi m„wó nq|

evsjv mwÜ `y cÖKvi : 1.¯^

imwÜ, 2. e¨ÄbmwÜ|

1. ¯^

imwÜ :¯^

iaŸwbi m‡½¯^

iaŸwbi wgj‡b †h mwÜ nq, Zv‡K¯^

imwÜ e‡j| †hgb :

†mvbv + Avwj = †mvbvwj iycv + Avwj = iycvwj

wg_¨v + DK = wg_y¨K Kzwo+GK= KzwoK

b`x + Gi = b`xi gv + Gi = gv‡qi

2. e¨ÄbmwÜ :¯^

iaŸwbi m‡½ e¨ÄbaŸwb wKsev e¨ÄbaŸwbi m‡½ e¨ÄbaŸwb wgwjZ n‡q †h

mwÜ nq, Zv‡K e¨ÄbmwÜ e‡j| †hgb :

KuvPv + Kjv = KuvPKjv bvwZ + †eŠ = bvZ‡eŠ

†QvU + `v = †Qvo`v Dr + PviY = D”PviY

Avi + bv = Avbœv Pvi + wU = PvwÆ

evsjv fvlvq A‡bK ms¯‹…Z kã †Kv‡bv iKg cwieZ©b Qvov e¨eüZ nq| G¸‡jv‡K Zrmg kã e‡j|

Gme Zrmg k‡ãi mwÜ ms¯‹…‡Zi wbq‡gB nq| ZvB ms¯‹…‡Zi wbqg †g‡b evsjv fvlvq e¨eüZ Zrmg

k‡ãi mwÜ 3 cÖKvi|h_v : K.¯^

imwÜ L. e¨ÄbmwÜ 3. wemM©mwÜ

K.¯^

imwÜ : mnRm~Î I D`vniY

1. A, Av aŸwbi mwÜ

m~Î D`vniY D`vniY

A+A=Av(v) be+Abœ= bevbœ cig + AYy = cigvYy

A+Av=Av(v) Rj+ Avkq = Rjvkq cvV + AvMvi = cvVvMvi

Av+A=Av(v) K_v+ Ag„Z = K_vg„Z Avkv + AZxZ = AvkvZxZ

Av+Av=Av(v) we`¨v + Avjq = we`¨vjq gnv + Avkq = gnvkq

2. B, C aŸwbi mwÜ

B+B=C(x) AwZ+BZ= AZxZ iwe + B›`ª = iex›`ª

B+C=C(x) cwi+C ÿv = cixÿv Awa + Ck¦i = Aaxk¦i

C+B=C(x) kPx+ B›`ª = kPx›`ª gnx + B›`ª = gnx›`ª

C+C=C(x) kªx+Ck= kªxk c„w_ex + Ck¦i = c„w_exk¦i

3. D, E aŸwbi mwÜ

D+D=E(~) KUz+Dw³= KU~w³ giy + D`¨vb = gi~`¨vb

D+E=E(~) jNy+ Ewg© = jN~wg© eû + EaŸ© = en~aŸ©

mwÜ 17

E+D=E(~) ea~+ Drme = ea~rme ea~ + Dw³ = ea~w³

E+E=E(~) f~+ Ea٩ = f~a٩

2. A/Av, B/C aŸwbi mwÜ

A/Av + B/C = G (†) ¯^ + B”Qv = †¯^”Qv h_v + Bó = h‡_ó

Ac+C ÿv = A‡cÿv gnv + Ck¦i = g‡nk¦i

3. A/Av, D/E aŸwbi mwÜ

A/Av+D/E=I(†v) m~h© + D`q = m~‡h©v`q K_v + DcK_b = K‡_vcK_b

Pj + Ewg© = P‡jvwg© gnv + Ewg© = g‡nvwg©

4. A/Av, F aŸwbi mwÜ

A/Av+F=Ai(©) †`e+Fwl= †`ewl© ivRv + Fwl = ivRwl©

A/Av + FZ = Avi kxZ + FZ = kxZvZ© ÿzav+FZ= ÿzavZ©

5. A/Av, G/H aŸwbi mwÜ

A/Av + G/H = H (ˆ) Rb + GK = R‰bK gZ + HK¨ = g‰ZK¨

Z_v + Ge = Z‰_e gnv + Hk¦h© = g‰nk¦h©

6. A/Av, I/J aŸwbi mwÜ

A/Av+I/J=J(†Š) Rj+IKv= R‡jŠKv gnv + Ilwa = g‡nŠlwa

wPË + J`vh© = wP‡ËŠ`vh© gnv + Jla = g‡nŠla

7. B/C-Gi ci wfbœ aŸwbi mwÜ

B/C + A/Av = h (¨/¨v) AwZ + AšÍ= AZ¨šÍ BwZ + Avw` = BZ¨vw`

b`x + A¤^y = b`¨¤^y gmx + Avavi = gm¨vavi

B/C + D/E = h (¨y/¨~) AwZ + Dw³ = AZy¨w³ cÖwZ + El = cÖZz¨l

B/C+G=h(†¨) cÖwZ + GK = cÖ‡Z¨K

8. D/E-Gi ci wfbœ aŸwbi mwÜ

E/E + A/Av = e/ev my + Aí =¯^

í my + AvMZ =¯^

vMZ

D/E + B/C = we/ex Aby + BZ = Awš^

Z Zby+C=Z š^

x

D/E+G=†e Aby+GlY =A‡š¦lY

18 evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©wZ

9. G/H-Gi ci wfbœ aŸwbi mwÜ

G/H + A/Av = Aq/Avq †b + Ab = bqb ˆb + AK = bvqK

10.I/J-Gi ci wfbœ aŸwbi mwÜ

I/J + A/Av = Ae/Ave †cv + Ab = ceb †Mv + Avw` = Mevw`

†cŠ + AK = cveK

I/J+B= Awe/Avwe †cv + BÎ = cweÎ †bŠ + BK = bvweK

I/J+D= Avey †fŠ + DK = fveyK

I/J+G=A‡e †Mv+ GlYv = M‡elYv

L. e¨ÄbmwÜ : cwiwPZ m~Î I D`vniY

1. ¯^

iaŸwb + e¨ÄbaŸwbi mwÜ

A+Q=”Q cÖ+Q`= cÖ”Q`

Av + Q =”Q K_v + Q‡j = K_v”Q‡j

B+Q=”Q cwi+Q`= cwi”Q`

D+Q=”Q Ziy+ Qvqv = Ziy”Qvqv

2. e¨ÄbaŸwb +¯^

iaŸwbi mwÜ

K+A=M w`K& + AšÍ= w`MšÍ

U + Av = W> o lU& + Avbb = lovbb

Z+A=` Zr+A šÍ=Z` šÍ

c+A=e myc& + AšÍ= myešÍ

3. e¨ÄbaŸwb + e¨ÄbaŸwbi mwÜ

Z + P/Q = ”P/”Q Dr + PviY = D”PviY Dr + †Q` = D‡”Q`

` + P/Q = ”P/”Q wec` + Pq = wec”Pq wec` + Qvqv = wec”Qvqv

Z + R/S = ¾/À hver + Rxeb = hve¾xeb Kzr + SwUKv = KzÀwUKv

`+R=¾ wec` + RbK = wec¾bK

Z+W=Ç Dr+Wxb= DÇxb

Z+j=j ø Dr + wjwLZ = DwjøwLZ

Z+k=”Q Pjr+kw³= Pj”Qw³

Z+n= × Zr+wnZ=Zw ×Z

`+n= × c`+nwZ=c ×wZ

mwÜ 19

K&+`=M&+` evK& + `vb = evM&`vb

K&+e=M&+e w`K& + weRq = w`wM¦Rq

U&+h=W&>o+h lU&+h š¿= lohš¿

Z&+M=`&+M Dr+ wMiY = D`&wMiY

Z&+N=`&+N Dr+ NvUb = D`&NvUb

Z&+e=`&+e Dr+eÜb= DØÜb

Z&+f=`&+f Dr+fe= D™¢e

Z&+i=`&+i Zr+i~c= Z`ª~c

K&+b=O+b w`K& + wbY©q = w`KwbY©q

Z&+g=b+g Zr+ g‡a¨ = Zb¥‡a¨

Z&+b=bœ Dr+bwZ= DbœwZ RMr + bv_ = RMbœv_

Z&+g=b¥ Zr+gq= Zb¥q g„r + gq = g„b¥q

g&+K=O/s+K kg&+Kv=k¼v mg&+ KxY© = msKxY©

g&+L=s+L mg&+L¨v= msL¨v

g&+M=s+M mg&+MxZ= msMxZ

g&+N=s+N mg&+NvZ= msNvZ

g&+P=Â mg&+Pq=mÂq

g&+Z= šÍ mg&+Zvc=m šÍvc

g&+`=›` mg&+ `k©b = m›`k©b

g&+a=Ü mg&+avb= mÜvb

g&+b=bœ wKg& + bi = wKbœi

g&+h=s+h mg&+hg= mshg

g&+i=s+i mg&+i ÿY = msiÿY

g&+k=s+k mg&+kq= mskq

g&+n=s+n mg&+nvi= msnvi

20 evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©wZ

3.2 wemM©mwÜ

wemM© (t )-Gi m‡½¯^

iaŸwb wKsev e¨ÄbaŸwbi †h mwÜ nq, Zv‡K wemM©mwÜ e‡j| D”Pvi‡Yi

w`K †_‡K wemM© `y iKg :

1. i&-RvZ wemM© :k‡ãi †k‡l i& _vK‡j D”Pvi‡Yi mgq i& †jvc cvq Ges i&-Gi RvqMvq wemM© (t)

nq| D”Pvi‡Y i& eRvq _v‡K| †hgb : AšÍi>A šÍt+MZ=A šÍM©Z

( Ab&‡Zvi&M‡Zv )|

6. m&-RvZ wemM© :k‡ãi †k‡l m& _vK‡j mwÜi mgq m& †jvc cvq Ges m&-Gi RvqMvq wemM©

( t ) nq| D”Pvi‡Y m& eRvq _v‡K| †hgb : bgm& > bgt + Kvi = bg¯‹vi ( b‡gvk&Kvi& )|

wemM©mwÜ `y fv‡e mvwaZ nq : 1. wemM©(t)I ¯^

iaŸwb wg‡j

2. wemM©(t)I e¨ÄbaŸwb wg‡j|

1. wemM© I¯^

iaŸwbi mwÜ

K. A-aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i A-aŸwb _vK‡j wemM© I A-aŸwb ¯’‡j I-Kvi nq|†hgb :

ZZt + AwaK = Z‡ZvwaK hkt + Awfjvl = h‡kvwfjvl

eqt + AwaK = e‡qvwaK

L. A-aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i A, Av, D-aŸwb _vK‡j wemM© I A-aŸwb wg‡j i nq|†hgb :

cybt + AwaKvi = cybiwaKvi cÖvZt + Avk = cÖvZivk

cybt + Ave„wË = cybive„wË cybt + D³ = cybiy³

2. wemM© I e¨ÄbaŸwbi mwÜ

K. A-aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i e‡M©i 3q/ 4_©/ 5g aŸwb A_ev h, i, j, n _vK‡j wemM© I

A-aŸwb ¯’‡j i-RvZ wem‡M© i/ †id(©)Ges m-RvZ wem‡M© I-Kvi nq|†hgb :

i-RvZ wemM© : i

AšÍt+MZ=A šÍM©Z cybt + Rb¥ = cybR©b¥

AšÍt+avb=A šÍa©vb cybt + evi = cybe©vi

AšÍt+fz³=A šÍfz©³ cybt + wgjb = cybwg©jb

mwÜ 21

m-RvZ wemM© : I

gbt + MZ = g‡bvMZ m`¨t + RvZ = m‡`¨vRvZ

wZit + avb = wZ‡ivavb Zct + eb = Z‡cveb

Aat + gyL = A‡avgyL gbt + †hvM = g‡bv‡hvM

gbt + ig = g‡bvig gbt + †jvfv = g‡bv‡jvfv

gbt + ni = g‡bvni

L. wem‡M©i c‡i P/Q _vK‡j wem‡M©i ¯’‡j k; U/V _vK‡j l Ges Z/_ _vK‡j m nq|†hgb :

wbt + Pq = wbðq wkit + †Q` = wki‡ñ`

`yt + PwiÎ = `yðwiÎ wbt + wQ`ª = wbwñ`ª

abyt + U¼vi = abyó¼vi wbt + Vzi = wbôzi

PZzt + Uq = PZzóq

`yt + Zi = `y¯Íi wbt + †ZR = wb‡¯ÍR

BZt + ZZ = BZ¯ÍZ `yt+_= `y¯’

M. A/Av wfbœ Ab¨¯^

‡ii m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i¯^

iaŸwb, e‡M©i 3q / 4_© / 5g aŸwb A_ev h, i,

j, n _vK‡j wemM© ¯’‡j i nq|†hgb :

wbt + Aewa = wbiewa wbt + Avc` = wbivc`

wbt + MZ = wbM©Z wbt + NÈ = wbN©È

wbt + evK = wbe©vK wbt + fq = wbf©q

Avwet + fve = Avwef©ve Avkxt + ev` = Avkxe©v`

`yt + Ae¯’v = `yie¯’v `yt + AvPvi = `yivPvi

`yt + MwZ = `yM©wZ `yt + †eva = `y‡e©va

cÖv`yt + fve = cÖv`yf©ve `yt + gi = `yg©i

`yt + †hvM = `y‡h©vM `yt + jf = `yj©f

22 evsjv e¨vKiY wbwg©wZ

N. i-RvZ wem‡M©i c‡i i _vK‡j wemM© †jvc cvq Ges cÖ_g ¯^i `xN© nq|†hgb :

wbt + ie = bxie wbt + im = bxim

wbt + †ivM = bx‡ivM

O. A/Av aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i K, L, c, d _vK‡j wemM© ¯’‡j m nq|†hgb :

bgt + Kvi = bg¯‹vi wZit + Kvi = wZi¯‹vi

cyit + Kvi = cyi¯‹vi fvt + Ki = fv¯‹i

P. B/D aŸwbi m‡½ wemM© Ges c‡i K, L, c, d _vK‡j wemM© ¯’‡j l nq|†hgb :

wbt + Kvg = wb®‹vg wbt + cvc = wb®úvc

wbt + dj = wbõj ewnt + Kvi = ewn®‹vi

PZzt + c` = PZz®ú` PZzt + †KvY = PZz‡®‹vY

Q. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î mwÜi wemM© †jvc cvq bv|†hgb :

cÖvZt + Kvj = cÖvZtKvj gbt + Kó = gbtKó

wkit + cxov = wkitcxov AšÍt+KiY=A šÍtKiY

R. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î wemM© †jvc †c‡jI mwÜ nq bv|†hgb :

AZt + Ge = AZGe

mwÜ 23

Kg©-Abykxjb

1. mZx Ck evey gva¨wgK we`¨v Avj‡qi wkÿK| Zvi Ang& Kvi †bB, wZwb mg& MxZ fv‡jvev‡mb|

ÑDׄZvs‡k †gvUv `vM †`qv k㸇jvi mwÜ Ki| †Zvgvi cQ›` g‡Zv GiKg Av‡iv K‡qKwU

k‡ãi evK¨ †jL|

2. Zzwg AvR mviv w`b hv‡`i K_vevZ©v ï‡bQ, †mme K_vi g‡a¨ †_‡K g‡b K‡i 10wU mwÜe×

kã †ei Ki| Zvici †m¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡i †Kvb cÖKvi mwÜ Zv †jL| †hgb: †Zvgvi evev

ej‡jb, Ò†`vKvb †_‡K cuvk‡mi Avjy, †MvUv cuv‡PK KuvPKjv Avi GK †KŠUv Me¨-N„Z wb‡q Gm

ZvovZvwo| †`L, †hb †ekKg bv nq|Ó Ñ GLv‡b mwÜe×k㸇jv n‡”QÑ

cuvk‡mi, cuv‡PK, KuvPKjv, Me¨, †ekKg|

cuvk‡mi = cuvP + †mi = e¨ÄbmwÜ

cuv‡PK = cuvP + GK = e¨ÄbmwÜ

KuvPKjv = KuvPv + Kjv = e¨ÄbmwÜ

Me¨ = †Mv + h = e¨ÄbmwÜ

†ekKg = †ewk + Kg = e¨ÄbmwÜ

3. ewn®‹vi, Avwe®‹vi, bg¯‹vi, cyi¯‹vi k㸇jv mwÜi †Kvb wbqg †g‡b MwVZ n‡q‡Q?

wbqg¸‡jv †jL Ges †m wbqg Abyhvqx †Zvgvi cvV¨ eB †_‡K Av‡iv K‡qKwU kã Luy‡R wb‡q

GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|